Process modeling & simulation

CH-401
Course outline
Roger G. E. Franks, “Modeling and Simulation in
Chemical Engineering”

W. L. Luyben, “Process Modeling, Simulation, and Control

for Chemical Engineers”

R. W. Gaikwad, “Process Modelling And Simulation”

Amiya K. Jana, “Chemical Process Modelling and

Computer Simulation
• P process is a routine activity
• M representation of a process as a real system
• S interaction between process and model
 Models
A model is the simplification of reality used to predict
system behavior.
• Physical Model
• Mathematical Model
Mathematical models can be useful in all phases of
chemical engineering, from research and development to
plant operations, and even in business and
economic studies.
• Research and development
• Design
• Plant operation:
 Principles of Formulation
• Basis
• Assumptions
• Mathematical Consistency Of Model
• Solution Of The Model Equations
• Verification
 Modeling and Simulation procedure

• Translating the description of a physical

system into an appropriate mathematical
form.

• Selecting a suitable computational technique.

• Implementing the computational technique in

the form of a computer program.
 Simulation
What is process simulation for?
1. To interpret process flowsheets,
2. To locate malfunctions, and
3. To predict the performance of process.
 Simulation methodology
1. Problem definition
2. Design the study
3. Design the conceptual model
4. Formulate inputs, assumptions and process
definitions
5. Build, verify & validate the simulation model
6. Conduct design of experiments
7. Documentation
8. Define the model life cycle
 Limitations of simulation
o Lack of good data and knowledge of process
mechanism.
o Character of the computational tools
o the danger of forgetting the assumptions
mode in modeling the
process
Fundamental of chemical engineering
 Fundamental of chemical engineering
• System and its types
• Open
• closed
• isolated
 Classification of models

• Linear vs nonlinear
• Steady state vs unsteady state
• Lumped parameter vs distributed parameter
• Continuous vs discrete variables
 Fundamental laws
Continuity Equations

COMPONENT CONTINUITY EQUATIONS (COMPONENT BALANCES).

• Energy Equation
• Equations of State
 Unit operations
• Absorption and stripping
• Distillation and its types
• Reactor and its types
• Phase separation
• Heat exchanger,condensor,evaporator
• Adsorption
• Extraction
• Humidification
FLOWSHEETING

BFD
PFD
AND P&ID
 Representation of process
• Process flow diagrams (PFDs) are used in chemical and process
engineering. These diagrams show the flow of chemicals and the
equipment involved in the process. Generally, a Process Flow Diagram
shows only the major equipment and doesn't show details. PFDs are used
for visitor information and new employee training.

• A Process and Instrument Drawing (P&ID) includes more details than a

PFD. It includes major and minor flows, control loops and instrumentation.
P&ID is sometimes referred to as a Piping and Instrumentation Drawing.
These diagrams are also called flow sheets. P&IDs are used by process
technicians and instrument and electrical, mechanical, safety, and
engineering personnel.

• In both diagrams arrows show the flow of material and symbols show
tanks, valves, and other equipment.
• The symbols used vary somewhat from organization to organization. So
you may see several different symbols that all represent a motor.
Equipment symbols
Transmission line
Tag numbers indicate…
 How read labels in PFD
consider the unit operation P-101A/B and what each
number or letter means.
• P-101A/B identifies the equipment as a pump.
• P-101A/B indicates that the pump is located in area
100 of the plant.
• P-101A/B indicates that this specific pump is number
01 in unit 100.
• P-101A/B indicates that a backup pump is installed.
Thus, there are two identical pumps P-101A and P-
101B.
• One pump will be operating while the other is idle.
Temperature process p&id
Red =Reactant
Blue =Product
By pass stream