Particle Swarm

Optimization (PSO)

Erita Astrid

Energy Management Systems Lab.

The ED problem is to find the optimal combination of power
generations that minimizes the total generation cost while
satisfying an equality constraint and inequality constraints. The
most simplified cost function of each generator can be
represented as a quadratic function as given below :
𝐶 = ෍ 𝐹𝑗 (𝑃𝑗 )
𝑗∈𝐽

𝐹𝑗 (𝑃𝑗 ) = α𝑗 + β𝑗 𝑃𝑗 + ɤ𝑗 𝑃𝑗2
Concerning the economic dispatch problem there are
several constraints that must be met:

 The total generation should be equal to the total

system demand plus the transmission network
loss ( in this case, power loss is not considered).
 The limits for the generating capacity of each
machine must be respected.
This gives the equality constraint :

The generation output of each unit should be between its

minimum and maximum limits. That is, the following inequality
constraint for each generator should be satisfied.
 The fuel cost function in $/h for three thermal plants are given by :

𝐹1 (𝑃1 ) = 213.1 + 11.669 𝑃1 + 0.00533𝑃12

𝐹2 𝑃2 = 200 + 10.333𝑃2 + 0.00889𝑃22

𝐹3 𝑃3 = 240 + 10.833𝑃3 + 0.00741𝑃32

 Inequality Constraint
50𝑀𝑊 ≤ 𝑃1 ≤ 200𝑀𝑊
37.5𝑀𝑊 ≤ 𝑃2 ≤ 150𝑀𝑊
45𝑀𝑊 ≤ 𝑃3 ≤ 180𝑀𝑊

 Total Demand : 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 = 210 𝑀𝑊

 Use PSO tool box
 The linear equality constraint is 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 + 𝑃3 = 210 𝑀𝑊
It is expressed by :
[Aeq]=[Beq] [1 1 1]=[210]

 For inequality constraint :

50𝑀𝑊 ≤ 𝑃1 ≤ 200𝑀𝑊
37.5𝑀𝑊 ≤ 𝑃2 ≤ 150𝑀𝑊
45𝑀𝑊 ≤ 𝑃3 ≤ 180𝑀𝑊
are expressed by :
Aineq bineq

[ 50 ; 37.5 ; 45 ] [ 200 ; 150 ; 180 ]

 Previous to running the PSO, I defined the function of the cost
according to the Alpha, Beta and Gamma value that was given.

 Calling it Costfunction.m in this case it is the function that I

will optimize, which correspond the previously stated problem.
After 68 generations the PSO converged to a solution .
Variabel PSO Solution
P1 50 MW
P2 88.0733 MW
P3 71.9267 MW
Total Cost 3046.41 $/h
 Solving ED case by using PSO with Nonsmooth Cost Function
Thank you for
your attention