Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thomson Learning
© 2004 8-1
Evolution of Organizational
Applications of Information
Technology
TOP 3. Strategic Weapon
(strategy, plans, INTERNAL EXTERNAL
non-programmed) • Knowledge • Extranets
Management • E-Commerce
• Intranets • Integrated
• Enterprise resource Enterprise
planning
2. Business Resource
• Management Information
MANAGEMENT systems
LEVEL • Decision Support Systems
• Executive information Direction of
1. Operations systems Information
• Transaction · Management control systems System
processing systems · Balanced Scorecard Evolution
• Data warehousing
FIRST-LINE
(operational, past, LOW SYSTEM COMPLEXITY HIGH
programmed) Thomson Learning
© 2004 8-2
A Simplified Feedback Control
Model
Set Strategic
Goals
Measure Actual
Performance and
Compare to
Standards
Thomson Learning
© 2004 8-3
Major Perspectives of the
Balanced Scorecard
Financial
Do actions contribute to improving
financial performance?
8-4
“Applying the Balanced Scorecard to Small Companies,”
Management Accounting 79, No. 2 (August 1997), 21-27; and
Cathy Lazere, “All Together Now,” CFO, February 1998, 28-36.
Example of ERP Network
Financial and
Sales Accounting
Inventory and
Manufacturing
Distribution
Thomson Learning
© 2004 8-5
Two Approaches to
Knowledge Management
Explicit Tacit
Provide high-quality, reliable, and fast Channel individual expertise
information systems for access of to provide creative advice
codified, reusable knowledge on strategic problems
People-to-documents Person-to-person
Thomson Learning
© 2004
Source: Based on Morten T. Hansen, Nitin Nohria, and Thomas Tierney,
“What’s Your Strategy for Managing Knowledge?” Harvard Business
Review, March-April 1999, 106-116. 8-6
Electronic Data Interchange for
International Transactions
Manufacturer’s Customer’s
Bank’ Bank
Export Import
Customs Customs
Thomson Learning
© 2004 8-7
Key Characteristics of Traditional vs.
Emerging Interorganizational
Relationships