 If

in major – still sounds major – sub

dominant or dominant

 If in major - sounds minor – relative minor

 If in minor – sounds major – relative major

 Imitation – direct repeat of the melody –
normally in a different instrument if played in
an orchestra

 Sequence – a repeating pattern moving up or

down by step/small leap.

 Pedal – sustained high or low note from the

chord.

 Ostinato – repeated pattern

 Riff – repeated melody used in pop music

SYNCOPATION
 Arco (bow)

 Pizzicato (plucking)

 Tremolo (shaking)

 Mute (brass)

 Distortion/reverb/sustain/slide (electric
guitar)
 By scalic (step) – ascending/descending

 By arpeggio (leap) - ascending/descending

 Broken chord/triad
 Trill

 Mordent
 Acciaccatura
 Appoggiatura
 Diatonic (sounds nice)

 Chromatic (a bit of clashing)

 Major (happy)

 Minor (sad)
 Perfect– V-1 – sounds finished
 Imperfect – I-V – sounds unfinished

 Plagal
– IV-I – amen – sounds like your in a
church
3 or 4

 Chords I IV V
4 or 8

 Countto 2/3/4, which feels right and falls

at the beginning of the melody?
 Ooing

 Scat singing

 Imitation of melody

 Call and response

 Pp – very soft
 P – soft
 Mp – moderately soft
 Mf – moderately loud
 F – loud
 Ff – loud
 < - getting louder (crescendo)
 > - getting quieter (diminuendo)
 Monophonic
 Homophonic
 Polyphonic
 Melody and accompaniment
 Antiphonal
 Canon
 Largo – (40-60bpm)
 Adagio – (66-76 bpm)
 Andante – (76-1080bpm)
 Moderato – (108-120bpm)
 Allegro – (120-168bpm)
 Vivace – (168-176bpm)

 Accel – getting faster

 Rit (rall) – getting slower
 Sitar
 Drone
 Acciaccatura
 Pitch bend
 Flute

 dhol
 NEVER write DRUM!!!!!
 Side drum
 Bass drum
 Djembe
 Congo
 Bongo
 Timpani
 Drum kit
 NEVER write guitar
 Bass guitar
 Electric guitar
 Acoustic guitar
 Lead guitar
 Rhythm guitar
 If it sounds like blues music and you have a
12 bar blues to circle, circle it
 If its unaccompanied – a cappella