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A C R Das
Industrial Adviser
Ministry of Steel
PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS
World Steel Production : 1527 MT
Indian Steel Production : 72 MT
World Ranking in Production : 4th
World Ranking in Consumption : 3rd
Projected Capacity by 2016-17 : 150 MT
Projected Capacity by 2019-20 : 200 MT
Projected Capacity by 2030 : 500 MT
Indian Steel Production is bound to grow manifold in years
to come to sustain Growth in infrastructure /Construction,
Automotive , Capital Goods and Consumer Durable Sector
i.e economic growth .
Structure of Iron & Steel Industry in India
Type of Plant Number of Units Total Capacity
(million tonnes per year)
BF-BOF based Integrated Steel Plant 8 29.997
EAF Based Integrated Steel Plant 3 10.600
EIF based plant 1170 28.833
EAF/ EOF based mini steel plant 37+2 9.500
Gas Based DRI plant 3 8.000
Coal Based DRI plant 418 26.600
Mini BF based Pig Iron plant 42 -
Ferro Alloy Units 173 4.045
Hot Re-Rolling Mills 1794 40.844
Cold Re-Rolling Mills 65 10.200
Galvanising Units 20 5.593
Colour Coating Units 6 0.515
Tin Plate Units 2 0.250
Wire Drawing Units 69 1.222
Indian Steel Industry is highly fragmented with a variety of process routes and thousands of
small & medium units for iron & steel making and also downstream processing
Process Routes in Integrated Steel Plants in India
Even in Integrated Steel Plants, diverse process routes for iron making are
adopted, not visible elsewher.
SHARE OF PROCESS ROUTES IN STEEL
PRODUCTION
FINEX: an innovative iron Merits: Direct use of iron ore The FINEX process has
making technology developed fines, no need of lumps/pellets. been successfully
by Siemens VAI and POSCO. Significant reduction of SOx, NOx demonstrated at
Like Corex, Finex also involves and dust emissions. Pohang, POSCO in two
two reactors- Fluidised Bed Limitations: i) Necessity of modules- at 0.75 MTPA
Reactors (FBR) and Melter inputs in melter gasifier largely in and 1.5 MTPA.
Gasifier (MG). In the FBR, iron lumpy form (lumps/ briquettes)
ore fines are reduced to ii) Need of either lumpy coal or Adoption of this process
sponge iron fines which are coal briquettes. is also being considered
compacted to produce Hot iii) Like Corex gas, Finex gas is for POSCO’s venture in
Compacted Iron (HCI). The HCI also of high calorific value and Orissa.
is then charged in MG where needs to be utilized gainfully to
non coking coal briquettes make the process economically SAIL has signed an MOU
(65%) are also charged. The viable. with POSCO to
balance (35%) coal is injected iv) The claims on lower CO2 incorporate the
in the MG as PCI. The top gas emission vis-à-vis Blast Furnace technology under JV for
from the FBRs is treated to route is yet to be established creating a 2.5 – 3.0
remove CO2 and part of gas and needs further investigation. MTPA additional
(30%) is re-cycled for use in capacity at Bokaro Steel
the FBRs. Plant.
HISMELT PROCESS
Process Characteristics Merits/Demerits Status
Direct use of iron ore and A distinguishing feature of 1st demonstration plant 0.8
coal fines in a single step the process is oxidation MTPA commissioned in 2005 at
reactor. level of the slag bath (5% Kwinana, Western Australia.
Involves moderate to high FeO in slag), which helps Major shut down in February,
degree (70% and above) of in partitioning of a large 2006 for modification. Since its
post combustion. The gas portion of phosphorous to restart in March, 2006, the Plant
generated during the slag. achieved a capacity utilisation of
reactions is post Further, silicon is about 60%. Plans to scale up
combusted to around 50% practically absent, making the size (internal diameters) of
just above the bath and the hot metal an ideal feed the SRV from 6m to 8m for
the heat energy of the post for BOF. achieving a production of 2 MTPA
combustion is transferred Being a bed less process, from the single module.
back to the main process problem faced in BF in However, due to market
through the liquid fountain handling high alumina ore softening in 2008, the
of molten iron bath, is resolved to a large demonstration unit was put
instead of recovering it as extent. down without any definite plan
export gas. The process seems to for restart. Remains closed .
This reduces the coal and have considerable promise JSPL signed an agreement with
oxygen requirement of the in Indian context. RIO Tinto for the transfer of the
process. However, Process is not existing plant to JSPL site to take
yet fully proven the development forward.
HISARNA PROCESS
Process Merits/Demerits Status
Combines coal Significantly less Developed as part of the EU-
preheating and partial coal usage and ULCOS programme, can
pyrolysis in a reactor, thus reduces the produce hot metal from iron
a Cyclone Furnace for amount of carbon ore fines (incl. slime) using
ore melting of partially dioxide (CO2) non-coking or thermal coal or
reduced ore and a emissions. charcoal. Rio Tinto and Tata
Smelter Reduction Steel have commissioned a
Vessel for final ore A flexible process 65,000 tpa pilot plant at the
reduction and iron that allows partial IJmuiden Steel Works in
production. substitution of coal Netherlands.
by biomass, natural The process is claimed to
The three separate gas or even most energy efficient with
technologies hydrogen (H2). least CO2 emission having a
associated with 20% reduction in CO2
Hisarna have been emission and 50% when
proven independently combined with CCS.
at small scale.
TECHNORED PROCESS
Process Characteristics Merits/Demerits Present Status
A ne approach to iron making Merits: Flexibility to A Demo plant of
using cold bonded self reducing used different types of 75,000 tpa is under
pellets /briquettes produced raw materials. operation in Sao
from iron ore fines, low met DRI Eliminates need of Coke Paulo, Brazil.
or iron bearing residues plus low oven, sinter plant and
cost solid fuels (green pet coke tonnage oxygen plant Technology still at first
fines, high ash coal/coke, i.e lower investment stage of maturity.
charcoal/ biomass or carbon and opration cost (30%)
bearing residues. . Clean & Green Proposal to set up a
Technology. 300,000 tpa
Pellets/Briquettes smelted in a Demerits: Limited industrial plant ( 4
high efficiency of unique Shaft module size but flexible modules of 75000
Furnace with very low stack to be combined to add tpa) in next two years.
height using combination of hot up capacity.
& cold blast requiring no
additional Oxygen.
CONCLUSIONS
Steel has a future in India & and there are strong fundamentals to
support the growth.
Indian steel production is growing and is expected to grow at 8-10%
decadal growth rate.
Helping hand required from Government to resolve contentious issues
like land acquisition, amicable policies for environment & forest
clearance and creating an investment friendly atmosphere.
Technological Upgradation to adopt commercially available energy
efficient clean and green technologies in all production units to
maximise productivity with minimum damage to the environment and
minimise energy consumption an CO2 emission .
New Plants must adopt stat-of-the-art technologies.
BF most established route of iron production and likely to grow,
followed by DRI & SR routes.
Raw material upgradation and new Product development have to be
given due importance.
Increased R&D investment development of design & engineering
capabilities necessary to support long term growth in the steel sector.
THANK YOU