United States Of America

Contents
1. History of America
2. Geographical Value
Rural and Urban Areas Sports & entertainment
Science and Technology Culture
Transportation
Historical places Judiciary of America
• Presidential System
• Economy of America
• Strength & weaknesses
• Strategies Of America
Opportunities Planning
Future of America
1. History of America
Four voyages of Christopher
Columbus
 Christopher Columbus
(1451 – 20 May 1506)

• Was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer whose voyages

across the Atlantic Ocean European American

• led to general awareness of the continents in the Western

Hemisphere.

• With his four voyages of exploration and several attempts

at establishing a settlement on the island of Hispaniola.
Role of Labor in America’s Economy
• Until shortly after World War I, most
workers were immigrants from
Europe, their immediate
descendants, or African Americans
who were mostly slaves taken from
Africa, or slave descendants.

• Beginning in the early 20th century,

many Latin Americans immigrated;
followed by large numbers of Asians
following removal of nation-origin
based immigration quotas.

• The promise of high wages brings

many highly skilled workers from
around the world to the United
States.
Immigration to the United States

• United States received 4.31

immigrants per 1000 people in
2009, ranking 25th globally.

• Nearly 8 million immigrants came

to the United States from 2000 to
2005 – more than in any other
five-year period in the nation's
history.

• The analysis shows that 31% of

adult immigrants have not
completed high school. A third
lack health insurance.
2. Geographical value of
America
Rural and Urban areas of America
Data in figures about Rural and Urban areas
• Today, 15 percent of the
United States' inhabitants live
in suburban and urban areas.

• but cities occupy only 2

percent of the country.

• Rural areas occupy the

remaining 98 percent.
 U.S. Population Living in Urban vs. Rural Areas 1

Geographic # of Areas Total Population Percent of U.S.

Division: Total
Total U.S. Population 285,230,516 100
Population living in 3,629 225,956,060 79.219
Urban Areas 2
Population living in Rural 59,274,456 20.781
Areas
Urban Area
Categories:
1. Urbanized Areas over 153 166,215,889 58.274
200,000 population
2. Urbanized Areas 310 29,584,626 10.372
50,000 - 199,999
population
3. Urban Clusters 5,000 1838 25,438,275 8.918
- 49,999 population
4. Urban Clusters 2,500 1328 4,717,270 1.654
- 4,999 population
Great places of America
The Colorado River winds through Nankoweap Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.
Times Square, New York
Statue of Liberty
New York City
Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco
Monument Valley, Arizona/Utah
Science and Technology
Science & Technology of America
The United States has been a leader in scientific
research and technological innovation since the
late 19th century.
• In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell.

• Thomas Edison's the first long-lasting light bulb,

viable movie camera.

• Nicola Tesla pioneered alternating current, the AC

motor, and radio.

• The Wright brothers, in 1903, made the first

sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered
flight.

• The Space Race produced rapid advances in

rocketry, materials science, and computers.

• Neil Armstrong was the first man to set foot on

the Moon, on July 20, 1969.

• more than half of the world's land planted with

biotech crops is in the United States.
Neil Armstrong
Neil on Moon
Albert Einstein 14 March 1879–18 April 1955

A theoretical physicist who is

widely regarded as one of the
most influential scientists of all
time.

• Theories of relativity.
• Relativistic cosmology.
• Post-Newtonian expansion.
• Perihelion advance of Mercury.
• Deflection of light by gravity. etc
Culture of America
Religions
• According to the CIA different
religions in the United States:

• Christians: (78.5%)
– Protestant (51.3%)
– Roman Catholic (23.9%)
– Mormon (1.7%)
– other Christian (1.6%)
• unaffiliated (12.1%)
• none (4%)
• other or unspecified (2.5%)
• Jewish (1.7%)
• Buddhist (0.7%)
• Muslim (0.1%)
 National holidays
Date Official Name

January 1 New Year's Day

Third Monday in January Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., or Martin Luther
King, Jr. Day
January 20, the first January 20 following a Inauguration Day
Presidential election
Third Monday in February Washington's Birthday
Last Monday in May Memorial Day
July 4 Independence Day
First Monday in September Labor Day
Second Monday in October Columbus Day

November 11 Veterans Day

Fourth Thursday in November Thanksgiving Day

December 25 Christmas
Common American Foods
Popular Culture of America
• Fashion
• Music
• Films
• Dance
• Television
• Theater
Transportation of America
Transportation System of America
Everyday personal transportation in
America is dominated by the
automobile.

As of 2003, there were 759

automobiles per 1,000 Americans,
compared to 472 per 1,000
inhabitants of the European Union the
following year.
About 40% of personal vehicles are
vans, SUVs, or light trucks.
Southwest Airlines is number one Of
the world's thirty busiest passenger
airports, sixteenth is the United
States.
Transportation System of America

• busiest airport in the world,

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta
International Airport.

• While transport of goods by rail is

extensive, relatively few people use
rail to travel, within or between
cities.

• Only 9% of total U.S. work trips use

mass transit, compared to 38.8% in

Europe
U.S Sports and Entertainment
Sports of America

 Baseball
 American Football
 Basketball
 Ice hockey
 Soccer
Rugby or Football
Base ball
USA Basketball Team
Ice Hockey Stadium
Soccer
Entertainment in America

Hollywood movies
are providing great
entertainment not
only to the U.S
citizens but to the
people living all
over the world.
 Hollywood
superstars
are the real
asset for
their
economy.
Judicial system of America
Judicial System of America

 US Supreme Court

The US Supreme Court comprises of a

chief justice and eight associate justice
of America.

As per the guidelines and discretion, the

Supreme Court hears few cases every
year that it is asked to solve.

Those cases start at state or federal

courts and mostly involve vital questions
regarding the federal or constitutional
law.
Judicial System of America
 Courts of Appeal
US had 94 judicial districts that are arranged
into twelve regional circuits, each circuit has
its own US court of appeal.

The hearings for people from district courts

situated within circuit are conducted at
court of appeals.

Also the court of appeals has nationwide

jurisdiction for federal circuit to hear the
appeals in particular cases like those
involving the patent cases and laws decided
by the court of Federal Claims and the court
of International Trade.
Judicial system of America

 District Courts
• The district courts are federal court system trail's
court.

• As per the limits set by the constitution and the

congress, the district court has jurisdiction for hearing
all federal category cases, including both criminal and
civil matters.

• Every day several people across the country are

chosen for the jury and assist decide few of such
cases.

• The federal judicial districts are 94 in number, one

district court for each state.

• The Virgin Islands, Northern Mariana Islands and Guam

have their separate district courts that hear different
federal cases including the bankruptcy cases.
Judicial System of America
 Bankruptcy Courts
• The bankruptcy courts solve the cases of the individuals
who are not able to pay back their creditors.

• They are granted a fresh start by clearing their assets to

return their debts or by preparing a repayment plan.

• This judicial system also helps troubled businesses and

offers orderly distribution to the creditors through liquidation or
reorganization.

• The procedures are guided by the Title 11 in the

US bankruptcy code.

• The basics of bankruptcy provides basic knowledge

to the creditors, debtors, media, court personnel and
general public on various aspects of federal bankruptcy
laws.

• The bankruptcy code was amended in year 2005 to

require that many individual debtors fulfill an exclusive
briefing through an approved counseling agency prior to
filing a case.
3. Presidential system of
America
John Adams(1797-1801)
Thomas Jefferson(1801-1809)
George W H Bush(1989-1993)
Bill Clinton(1993-2002)

• Name at birth:
William Jefferson Blythe

• Date of Birth:
19 August 1946.

• Birthplace:
Hope, Arkansas.

• Best Known As:

42nd President of
the United States, 1993-2001.
George W Bush(2001-2009)

Born July 6, 1946.

Served as the 43rd

President of the United

States from 2001 to 2009,
and the 46th Governor of
Texas from 1995 to 2000.
Barrack Obama(2009-0000)

• Date of Birth
4 August 1961, Honolulu,
Hawaii, USA.

• Birth Name
Barack Hussein Obama Jr.

• Nickname
Barry
Bama
Rock
The One

• Height
6' 1½" (1.87 m)
9-11-2001 “A darkest day” of American History
 Attack on World Trade Centre

world trade center before attack world trade center after attack
4. Economy of America
 Contents:
• Economy of United States Of America
History of America
Education
Unemployment
Income & Wealth
Finance
Inflation
Currency
Taxation & Govt. Involvement
Sectors:
 Agriculture
 Industrial
 Energy
 Manufacturing
• Major Imports and Exports of America
• America’s Economy after “9-11”
Economy Of America

The economy of the United States is the largest

national economy in the world in both nominal

value and by purchasing power parity.

• Its nominal gross domestic product (GDP) was
estimated as $14.4 trillion in 2008, which is
about three times that of the world's second
largest economy, Japan.

• Its GDP by PPP is almost twice that of the

second largest, China.

 The U.S. economy maintains a very high level of

output per person (GDP per capita, $47,422 in
2008, ranked at around number thirteen in the
world).
Economy Of America

• The United States has been one of

the best-performing developed
countries.

• The American labor market has

attracted immigrants from all over the
world and has one of the world's highest
migration rates.

• Americans have the highest income

per hour worked. The United States is
ranked second, down from first in
2008-2009 due to the economic crisis, in
the Global Competitiveness Report. The
country is the world's largest and most
influential financial market, home to
major stock and commodities exchanges
like NASDAQ, NYSE, AMEX and CME.
History Of American Economy
 History Of America’s Economy

• The economic history of the

United States has its roots in
European settlements in the
16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.

• The American colonies

went from marginally
successful colonial economies
to a small, independent
farming economy, which in
1776 became the United States
of America.

• In 230 years the United

States grew to a huge,
integrated, industrialized
Founder of America C.Collumbus economy that makes up over a
quarter of the world economy.
 After the Great Depression

• For many years following the Great

Depression of the 1930s, when the
danger of recession appeared most
serious.

Great Depression (1929-1939) highlighted

 1930 Unemployment

Great Depression (1929-1939) highlighted

 1960s
• A period of high inflation,
• Ideas about the best tools for
high unemployment, and
stabilizing the economy
huge government
changed deficits
substantially between
the 1960s and the 1990s.
weakened confidence in
fiscal policy as a tool for
• In the 1960s, government had
regulating
great faith inthe
fiscaloverall
policy— pace
manipulation of government
of economic activity.
revenues to influence the
economy. Since spending and
Instead,
taxes aremonetary
controlled by thepolicy
president and
assumed the U.S.
growing
Congress, these elected
prominence.
officials played a leading role
in directing the economy.
1970s
 Since the stagflation of the 1970s,
the U.S. economy has been characterized by
somewhat slower growth.

 The worst recession in recent

decades, in terms of lost output, occurred
in the 1973-75 period of oil shocks, when
GDP fell by 3.1 percent, followed by the
1981-82 recession, when GDP dropped by
2.9 percent.

 Since the 1970s the US has

sustained trade deficits with other nations.

 In the 1970s, economic woes brought on by

the costs of the Vietnam conflict, major price
increases, particularly for energy, created a strong
fear of inflation
1990s

Output fell by 1.3

percent in the 1990-91
downturn, and a tiny 0.3
percent in the 2001
recession. The 2001
downturn lasted just
eight months.
 These issues have raised concerns among economists and national
politicians:

 In recent years, the primary economic concerns have centered on:

high household debt ($14 trillion) including $2.5 trillion in consumer
debt.
 high national debt ($9 trillion)
 high corporate debt ($9 trillion),
 high mortgage debt (over $10 trillion as of 2005 year-end)
 high unfunded Medicare liability ($30 trillion),
 high unfunded Social Security liability ($12 trillion).
 high external debt (amount owed to foreign lenders),
 high trade deficits
 and a serious deterioration in the United States net international
investment position (NIIP) (-24% of GDP)
 In 2006, the U.S economy had its lowest saving rate since 1933.
Overall Analysis

The U.S. economy

maintains a relatively
high GDP per capita,
with the caveat that it
may be elevated by
borrowing and a low to
moderate GDP growth
rate making it
attractive to
immigrants worldwide.
Crisis in 2007-08
• The United States entered
2008 during a housing
market correction, a
subprime mortgage crisis
and a declining dollar
value.

• On December 1, 2008, the

NBER declared that the
United States entered a
recession in December
2007, citing employment
and production figures as
well as the third quarter
decline in GDP.
Geographical Importance
 The United States is rich in mineral
resources and fertile farm soil, and it is
fortunate to have a moderate climate.

 It also has extensive coastlines on both the

Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as on the
Gulf of Mexico.

 Rivers flow from far within the continent, and

the Great Lakes—five large, inland lakes along
the U.S. border with Canada—provide
additional shipping access. These extensive
waterways have helped shape the country's
economic growth over the years and helped
bind America's 50 individual states together in
a single economic unit.
 Investment

• Mass production, corporations, such as General Electric, have been

instrumental in shaping the United States.

• Through the stock market, American banks and investors have grown
their economy by investing and withdrawing capital from profitable
corporations.

• Today in the era of globalization, American investors and

corporations have influence all over the world.

• The American government is also included among major the investors

in the American economy.

• Government investments have been directed towards public works of

scale (such as from the Hoover Dam), military-industrial contracts,
and the financial industry.
 Policies of 26 June 2009
• . On June 26, 2009, Jeff Immelt, the CEO of
General Electric, called for the United States to
increase its manufacturing base employment to
20% of the workforce, commenting that the U.S.
has outsourced too much in some areas and can
no longer rely on the financial sector and
consumer spending to drive demand.
Education
Education in the United States

In 2007, Americans
stood second only
to Canada in the
percentage of 35
to 64 year olds
holding at least
two-year degrees.
Top Ten Universities of U.S in 2010

Rank University
1 Harvard University
2 Princeton University
3 Yale University
4 California Institute of Technology
5 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
6 Stanford University
7 University of Pennsylvania
8 Columbia University
9 The University of Chicago
10 Duke University
Unemployment in U.S
Unemployment

Unemployment rate as a percentage of the labor

force in the United States according to the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics

In May 2009, the unemployment rate was 9.4%.A

broader measure of unemployment (taking into
account marginally attached workers, those
employed part time for economic reasons, and
discouraged workers) was 15.9%.

Female unemployment continued to be

significantly lower than male
unemployment (7.5% vs. 9.8%). The
unemployment among African-Americans
continues to be much higher than white
unemployment (at 14.9% vs. 8.6%). The
youth unemployment rate was 18.5% in
July 2009, the highest July rate since 1948.
34.5% of young African American men are
unemployed. Nearly 50% of Detroit's
working-age population is unemployed.
Unemployment data “2008-09”
Income and wealth
Income & Wealth
According to the United
States Census Bureau, the
pretax median household
income in 2007 was $50,233.
The median ranged from
$68,080 in Maryland to
$36,338 in Mississippi.

In 2007, the median real

annual household income
rose 1.3% to $50,233,
according to the Census
Bureau. The real median
earnings of men who worked
Income & Wealth

The recently released US Income

Mobility Study showed economic growth
resulted in rising incomes for most
taxpayers over the period from 1996 to
2005. Median incomes of all taxpayers
increased by 24 percent after adjusting
for inflation. The real incomes of two-
thirds of all taxpayers increased over
this period. Income mobility of
individuals was considerable in the U.S.
economy during the 1996 through 2005
period with roughly half of taxpayers
who began in the bottom quintile
moving up to a higher income group
within 10 years. In addition, the median
incomes of those initially in the lower
income groups increased more than the
median incomes of those initially in the
higher income groups
 Income and wealth

 According to the United States Census Bureau, the pretax median household
income in 2007 was $50,233. The median ranged from $68,080 in Maryland to
$36,338 in Mississippi.

 In 2007, the median real annual household income rose 1.3% to $50,233,
according to the Census Bureau.The real median earnings of men who worked
full time, year-round climbed between 2006 and 2007, from $43,460 to
$45,113. For women, the corresponding increase was from $33,437 to $35,102.
The median income per household member (including all working and non-
working members above the age of 14) was $26,036 in 2006
 Income and wealth
•The recently released US Income Mobility
Study showed economic growth resulted in
rising incomes for most taxpayers over the
period from 1996 to 2005. Median incomes of
all taxpayers increased by 24 percent after
adjusting for inflation. The real incomes of
two-thirds of all taxpayers increased over this
period. Income mobility of individuals was
considerable in the U.S. economy during the
1996 through 2005 period with roughly half of
taxpayers who began in the bottom quintile
moving up to a higher income group within 10
years. In addition, the median incomes of
those initially in the lower income groups
Finance
Stock Market
The New York Stock Exchange is a
stock exchange located at 11 Wall
Street in lower Manhattan, New
York City, New York, USA.

It is the largest stock exchange in

the world by United States dollar
value of its listed companies'
securities.

As of October 2008, the combined

capitalization of all domestic NYSE
listed companies was US$10.1
trillion.
NASDAQ

NASDAQ, is an American stock

exchange. It is the largest
electronic screen-based equity
securities trading market in the
United States.

With approximately 3,800

companies and corporations, it has
more trading volume per hour than
any other stock exchange in the
world.
Inflation in America
 U.S Inflation rate

2000 2.7 3.2 3.8 3.1 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

2001 3.7 3.5 2.9 3.3 3.6 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.6 2.8

2002 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.4 1.6

2003 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.3

2004 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.3 3.1 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.5 3.2 3.5 3.3 2.7

2005 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.5 2.8 2.5 3.2 3.6 4.7 4.3 3.5 3.4 3.4

2006 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.5 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.8 2.1 1.3 2.0 2.5 3.2

2007 2.1 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.8 3.5 4.3 4.1 2.8

2008 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.2 5.0 5.6 5.4 4.9 3.7 1.1 0.1 3.8

2009 0.0 0.2 -0.4 -0.7 -1.3 -1.4 -2.1 -1.5 -1.3 -0.2 1.8 2.7 -0.4
Currency and Central Bank
Currency and Central Bank
The United States dollar is the unit of currency of the
United States. The U.S. dollar is the currency most
used in international transactions. Several countries
use it as their official currency, and in many others it is
the de facto currency.

The federal government attempts to use both

monetary policy (control of the money supply through
mechanisms such as changes in interest rates) and
fiscal policy (taxes and spending) to maintain low
inflation, high economic growth, and low
unemployment. A relatively independent central bank,
known as the Federal Reserve, was formed in 1913 to
provide a stable currency and monetary policy. The
U.S. dollar has been regarded as one of the most stable
currencies in the world and many nations back their
own currency with U.S. dollar reserves.
Currency and Central Bank
During the last few years, the U.S.
dollar has gradually depreciated in
value and its reserve currency status is
no longer as high as previously. With
increased US debt, policy that's
weakening the dollar and the EU signing
the Lisbon Treaty, the dollar is less of a
global currency standard.

The dollar used gold standard and/or

silver standard from 1785 until 1975,
when it became a fiat currency.
Taxation & Govt. Involvement
Regulations
The U.S. federal government regulates private
• enterprise in numerous ways. Regulation falls
into two general categories.

• the government has sought to prevent

monopolies.

• Another form of economic regulation,

antitrust law.

Bank regulation in the United States is

highly fragmented compared to other G10
countries where most countries have only
one bank regulator.
Other Regulations
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

• United States Environmental Protection Agency.

• Food and Drug Administration.

• economic deregulation during the 1970s,

1980s, and 1990s.

• The 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement

Agreement
Taxation in the United States
taxation
• Taxation in the United States is a complex
system which may involve payment to at least four
different levels of government and many methods
of taxation.
• United States taxation includes local
government, possibly including one or more
of municipal, township, district and county
governments.
• The National Bureau of Economic Research has
concluded that the combined federal, state, and
local government average marginal tax rate for
most workers to be about 40% of income.
• The Tax Foundation concluded that
government at all levels will collect 30.8% of
the nation's income for 2008
Sectors
Energy Sector of the United States
•The United States is the largest energy
consumer in terms of total use, using 100
quadrillion BTUs
(105 exajoules, or 29000 TWh) in 2005.

•The U.S. ranks seventh in energy consumption

per-capita after Canada and a number of small
countries.

•The majority of this energy is derived from

fossil fuels: in 2005, it was estimated that 40% of
the nation's energy came from petroleum, 23%
from coal, and 23% from natural gas. Nuclear
power supplied 8.4% and renewable energy
supplied 6.8%, which was mainly from
hydroelectric dams although other renewables
are included such as geothermal and solar
energy.