Ethics &

Moral

Presented by:
everyth1ng
The international aims to
help youth to:
Value the essence of having a good social
relationship with the society.

Develop skills that they can use in all their

relationships and throughout their lives.

Know what is the societies sanctions us the

right and acceptable way.
ACTIVITY:

Game of Responsible

Dramatize the following;

Group 1: Ethics
Group 2: Morals
Group 3: Good
Group 4: Bad
What are my principles?

What are my Values?

What do I stand for?

Elements Determining Morality

 Every human act derives its morality from

three components: the act itself (the
object), the purpose of an act (the end), and
the circumstances surrounding the act.
Moralists refer to these three elements as
an object, end, circumstances.
1. The act itself.
 It will be seen rather easily that, to judge the
morality of human act, we must first consider, the
act itself.

2. Purpose or end.
 The specifically human goal/purpose in business
should be the full perfection of human being as a
person. The goal means that the individual is not a
means to the end of society, the state or anything
else..
 In these view, societies are means to absolute
achievement of the individual even though they
may contribute to this only indirectly.

3. Circumstances.
 there is an old saying, “ circumstances alter
cases.” that is true, and that is why the morality of
a human act must be judged in the light of the
circumstances. From the moral point of view, the
elements of a human act are those factors, distinct
from the act itself and from the purpose which
may affect the morality of the act.
The Concept of Responsibility

John Stuart Mill, in one of his essays, On

Liberty (1859), explained how much
control society has over preventing or
allowing the actions of a person. His harm
principle states that the only actions that
can be prevented are one that create harm.
The general principle relating with
responsibility is that whatever hurts
the individual or the institutions
necessary for his growth may be
looked upon as an evil in some way.
Similarly, whatever truly promotes the
growth of the individual and the means
available to him is morally good. Such simple
statements , though true, will not easily solve
ethical problems. Nearly everything we do
has some harmful impact on others or
ourselves.
Principle of Double Effect

We must recognize that there are different

types of evil consequences. Some crimes
strike the very dignity if the human being or
at means which are necessary for human
growth.
The principle of double effect justifies
certain actions that produce
“indirectly” certain evil consequences,
provided, at least, four conditions are
met:
1. The action, by itself and independently of its
effect, must now be morally evil;

2. The bad effect must not be a means to produce

good effect;

3. The evil effect is sincerely not intended , but

merely tolerated; and

4. There is a proportionate reason for performing

the action, in spite of its evil consequences.
The Concept of Proportionality

The fourth condition of the principle of

double effect mentions the importance of
proportionate reason in performing a moral
action.
What do we mean
proportionality?
Proportionality- Is the quality
of corresponding in size or
amount to something else.
Proportionality is to be judged by :

1. The type of goodness or evil involved.

2. The urgency of the situation.

3. The certainty or probability of the effects.

4. The intensity of one’s influence on the effects.

5 . The availability of alternate means.

Ethical Concerns in Business

 One set of relationships and

responsibilities is directly related to
employees and includes such areas as
discipline, performance appraisal, safety, and
the administration of reward systems.
Another set is concerned with customers and
suppliers and includes the difficult aspects of
such elements as timing, quality, and price.

Ethical dilemmas also arise when managers

have conflicts in values with superiors or
peers over such things as strategy, goals,
policy and administration.
Whatever the viewpoint , good ethics mean a
good business. Successful organizations and
managers take ethics seriously. They reason
their way through ethical dilemmas to
acceptable solutions.

Some organizations and managers give the

appearance of success for a long periods in spite
of hidden unethical practices. The news is
replete , however, with stories of the fallen
heroes and devastated organizations that
ultimately result from this deception.
Identifying Your Ethical Concerns

Many businesspeople/ women report that

the ethical dilemmas they face are difficult
because they involve relationships with
people (employees, peers, and bosses) with
whom they have to work and whom they
are dependent.
The dilemma further complicates by the fact
that these desperate people may have
conflicting goals and competing needs.
Missteps in handling an ethical issue may
well affect a relationship, linger on the
conscience, for years to come. When
managers resolve ethical issue, they must
contend with the reaction of others within
the organization who may be affected by the
outcome.
The Implications of Managerial Action

Engaging in business sometimes appear to

lose their perspective when making
decisions that affect people. Perhaps they
are busy, or maybe they jut don’t take the
time to think through the implications of
their actions. It seems unlikely they have
not had some ethical training.
Whatever the reason, the outcome is the
same – an employee or group of workers
ends up being treated arbitrarily and unfairly.
Sacrificing ethics are for the expedient
accomplishment of a goal.
Once a senior manager makes a decision, it is
remarkable how often other managers act as
if there is no need to examine its ethical
overtones.
Ethics have somehow suspended from
evaluation for this particular event.
The same is true when several managers with
a stake in the outcome agree on an
unfounded course of action.
It is almost as if the group’s agreement on a
decision eliminates the need to examine it
regarding right and wrong.
When such decisions are “ sanitized” of
all ethical considerations, everyone
loses.
Managers fail themselves and all employees
by doing less than their best, and the
organization suffers a heavy blow to its
credibility as an honorable member of the
business community. As a business person/
woman, it is essential that you do not lose
your moral perspective when making
decisions.
“The man without ethics is a wild
beast loosed upon this world.”
- Albert Camus
Group 1
(Sat/ 4:00-7:00)

 James Lopez(everyth1ng)
 Je-sam Balauro
 Elvin Filosofo GROUP 1
(SAT/4:00-7:00)
 Rosalie Balansag
 Shekinah Paula Matillano
 Nelielyn Maylan ED 14