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‡ Two dimensional representation of values.
‡ These are called ´PIXELS
´PIXELSµ.
µ.
‡ Pixels are stored in computer memory.
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‡ The processing done by using Computer

software.

‡ Avoids build-
build-up of noise and signal distortion.
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‡For better improved image

‡Use in space technologies like NASA
‡Crime Departments like FBI
‡Better editing features
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Y
‡ Transfer image to a computer
‡ Digitize the image
* Digitization ² translating image into
numerical code understood by computer.
‡ Processing can be done through software programs in
a ´´Digital
Digital Dark-
Dark-roomµ
roomµ
‡ Image is broken down into thousands of pixels
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Binary Image:
‡ Takes two possible values ( 0 or 1) for a pixel
‡ Bi
Bi--level or Two-
Two-level

Gray Scale Image:

‡ Pixel takes a single sample from range of values
* Voxel - data associated to points scattered over
a 3-
3-dimensional region (produced by Tomographic
equipment)
Color Image:
‡ Color information is included for each pixel.
‡ 3 samples should be provided for each pixel.
‡ RGB is commonly used color space. (YUV, HSV
are used in some other context)

Original Black & White Gray Scale

False Color
‡ These are derived from the grey scale images.
‡ Also called as ´Pseudo Color Imagesµ
‡ Doesn't increases the information contents but
improves the details.
‡ Mainly used in fields of satellite images

False color True Color

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‡ Image compression

‡ Enhancement

‡ Measurement Extraction
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‡ Process of altering digital images.
images.
Basics of Digital Image Editing
‡ Pixels contain image·s color and brightness
information.
‡ Image editors can change the values of pixels to
enhance the image.
‡ Various basic ´Image editing programsµ are readily
available with the device itself.
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Image size alteration
‡ Image editors can resize an image by altering the
resolution.
‡ Re
Re--sampling is done to calculate new resolution.
Cropping an Image
‡Cropping means creating a new image by
selecting a desired rectangular portion.
Noise Removal
‡ Image editors have algorithms to add and remove noise like
dust and scratches & image can be despeckled.
Removal of Unwanted Elements
‡ Can be done by ´Cloneµ tool

Original Removal of unwanted branch at the

top of the image
Selective Color Change
‡ Ability to selectively change the color.

An example of selective color change, the original is on the right

Merging of Images
‡ One or more images can be merged into a single
picture.

John and Bertha Phillips - 1910

Special Effects
‡ Used to create unusual images
‡ Images can be skewed & distorted in various ways
like artistic effects, geometric & texture effects etc.
Change Color Depth
‡ Common color depths are 2, 16, 256 & 16 million
colors.
‡ Gray scale images can be created from full color
images through conversion & down sampling.

An example of converting an image from

color to grayscale
Lens Correction
‡ Various lens distortions like pincushion, fish eye &
barrel distortions can be corrected.

Contrast Change & Brightening

‡ Change the contrast of images & brighten or darken
the images.
‡ Pixels below particular luminosity can be
brightened.

Sharpening & Softening Images

‡ Images can be sharpen or blurred like ¶edge
enhancement·
Color Adjustments
‡ Color balance can be improved

ADVANTAGES
‡ Post processing
‡ Electronic transmission
‡ Chemical free
‡ Reduction of radiation exposure
 DISADVANTAGES

‡Expensive
‡Sometimes vague
 CONCLUSION

Image editors provide the means of

altering and improving images in
endless number of ways.
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