Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DS2
PLC Technology
Juan Carlos Riveiro
System Architecture Manager
26/06/2001
Index
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DS2 Profile and
Strategy
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DS2 Profile
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DS2 Profile
• Incorporated 1998/February/15
• Key shareholder: ENDESA (the largest
electricity utility in Spain and South America)
• Experienced management and key personnel:
IBM, HP, Philips, Matra-MHS, Telefónica, EC-
R&D programs, INITEC, etc.
• Experience in state-of-the-art large critical
projects
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DS2 Strategy
...
DS2and
isturn them silicon
a fabless into
Networkdesign
Servicehouse.
Providers...
Utility
DS2 DS2’s customers
... to whomare OEMs
DS2 ... for
sells a 3000
Head
Customer
and Ends Premises
which are
who integrate DS2 chipsets
million End-Users
Equipment
installed in… and
which
each isHome
MV/LV
placed
OEMsSUPPORTS
End-
supply DS2 PLC and
in their systems marketinworldwide Gateways allowing
User equipmentuser’s
telecom transformer
to devices in
utilities households LAN
in-home
service
Foundry OEM
Home
OEMs produce...
Gatewa
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DS2 Strategy
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DS2 PLC
Technology
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DS2 Powerline
Topology
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Powerline advantages
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Powerline problems
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Communications
characteristics
• Impulse Response: Time Spread and Variation.
• Slow frequency selective
channel.
• Noise: Background, Ingress and Impulsive.
• Attenuation is a function of frequency,
distance and time.
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Wideband
characteristics
• Multipath propagation
– Dispersion of the received signal in time domain. (Time spread, Ts)
– Frequency selectivity in frequency domain.
• If Tsignal < Ts Intersymbol interference (ISI)
– Limits the maximum usable symbol rate (data rate).
QAM constellations
26/06/2001 with (a) no ISI, (b) 3% ISI
and (c) 10% ISI
Wideband modulation
• Single carrier with an equalizer:
– High complexity and cost (silicon area)
– The channel must be known ( or accurately estimated).
– High bit-rate signal Time spread >>> symbol time.
• DS-SS (CDMA direct sequence spread spectrum):
– Using high bit-rate signal to achieve a high processing gain, a very
large bandwidth is required.
– In PLC environment, an equalizer is required too.
• OFDM:
– The technique for high bit-rate applications.
– High bit-rate signal Time spread <<< symbol time.
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OFDM Modulation
a) FD system
b) OFDM system
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OFDM Introduction II
• Guard interval is added to each OFDM symbol to
eliminate ISI.
• Adaptive loading
– More bits/subchannel where SNR is sufficient.
– Could also adapt transmit power in each subchannel.
• Orthogonality:
– Carrier spacing is a multiple of 1/T.
– Carriers are linearly independent.
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OFDM Modulation
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DS2 OFDM
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Low Cost
Implementation
• Low cost digital implementation:
– Only two major components:
• FFT processor
• FEC encoder/decoder
– 0.25 µm Process
– 304 plastic BGA package
• Low cost analogue implementation
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Access and In-home
LAN
• Three different frequency ranges are used:
– LINK 1: Low frequency band for ACCESS service
– LINK 2: High frequency band for IN-HOME service
– LINK LAN: IN-HOME service for xDSL, cable or wireless service
• Frequency bands are fully programmable
• Hardware needed will be:
– HE: Manager in LINK1, LINK LAN
– CPE: LINK1/2 and LINK LAN
– Home Gateway: Manager in LINK2
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Summary
Performance
• Highest bit rates (up to 45 Mbps)
• Highest efficiency (7,25 bps/Hz)
• OFDM with 1280 carriers
• Adaptive bpc depending on SNR
• Lowest cost per bit (high integration)
• Adaptive QoS (users and services needs)
• IP and SNMP 100% compatible
• Access and In-Home service
• IN-HOME service for xDSL, cable or wireless service
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Product Description
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DIGITAL INTERFACE Product Description
Line
Coupler
DISTRIBUTION
POWER LINE
Packets
Interaction
OFDM
Protection
Digitaldigital
are
Interface
with
built
andmodulation
filter
powerline
adding
interacts
power
error
is
in
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signal
with
correction
the
incoming
with
implemented
analogue
maximum
andandother
field
outgoing
power
data
transmission
data