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Chapter Outline
This Chapter consists of the following subtopic:
Diode & Zener diode I-V characteristics curve
Series Diode Configurations
Load Line Analysis
Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifier
Center-Tapped Rectifier
Clipper & Clamper
Zener Diodes
Diodes
Most common diode used today is such as silicon diodes,
Schottky diodes, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), Zener
Diode and many more.
For example:
A silicon diode has voltage drop within 0.6V and 0.7V
while Zener has bigger voltage drop value such as 4.7V and
12V.
Diodes
An ideal diode will conduct current in one direction
while block in other direction.
Diodes
Still Remember the bias
condition for
diode???
No bias condition
Forward-bias condition
Reverse-bias condition
Diodes
A = no-bias condition I and V gradually
B = forward voltage less than C Continue increase
increase as the the bias voltage:
the barrier potential bias voltage increase
C = forward voltage equal current increase
barrier potential but V not.
D = breakdown value FORWARD
BIAS
D A
Usually, the diode symbol will be presented together with the label
of Si, Ge or GaAs to represent type of the diode.
8V 2.2k
5V 2.2k
Basic Power Supply Circuit
14
Half-Wave Rectifier
A rectifier can be created from the series diode
configuration.
This is done by adding time-varying functions such as
the sinusoidal waveform and the square wave.
Produces one sine pulse for each cycle of input sine
wave.
The circuit can be represent by: + +
vi v
_ 0_
Half-Wave Rectifier
During positive cycle;
diode will be in forward biased.
The diode conducts and act like a closed switch.
The diode letting the positive pulse of the sine wave to
appear across the load resistor
16
Half-Wave Rectifier
17
Half-Wave Rectifier
18
Half-Wave Rectifier
However, in actual case;
The input signal must be at least 0.7 V before the diode can turn
ON.
If the input signal is less than 0.7 V, the diode still in open circuit
state and output voltage is 0 V.
During conduction, the different between input and output
voltage is VK = 0.7 V (for silicon).
Vdc 0.318(Vm VK )
19
Half-wave Rectifier
However, if the output signal a net negative are below the axis
over a full period…
Disadvantage
Least efficient
Half wave Rectifier
Determine the value of vi , vo and id and sketch the
graph of them and vd when the value of R = 2.2k and
Vdc = 2V. Assume the diode is a silicon diode.
Half-Wave Rectifier
Obtain and sketch the output voltage and determine the
dc level of the output of the circuit.
Figure 16
23
Full-Wave Rectifier
DC level obtained from sine wave input can be improved 100% using
full-wave rectification.
Full-wave rectifier has TWO types:
Bridge Rectifier
Center-Tapped Transformer
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Full-Wave Rectifier – Bridge Rectifier
25
Full-Wave Rectifier – Bridge Rectifier
During negative half cycle (T/2 T)
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Full-Wave Rectifier – Bridge Rectifier
29
Full-Wave Rectifier – Center-Tapped
Transformer
During negative cycle (T/2
T)
Point B become positive
wrt to point C.
D2 is in forward biased
and act as closed switch.
The current flow through
D2 and load resistor.
30
Filters
A rectifier circuit is necessary to convert ac signal
to dc signal but the resulting dc signal is not a
pure dc signal
So, a filter is used to obtain a smoother dc signal
Among other types of filters are:
(i) RC filter
(ii) L filter
(iii)LC filter
(iv) - type filter
Filters
The capacitive filter is the most basic filter type and the
most commonly used
– capacitor connected in parallel with the load
resistance.