DEFINITION OF WASTE

Waste (also referred to as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, or junk) is

unwanted or unusable materials.
In living organisms, waste is the unwanted substances or toxins that are
expelled from them. More commonly, waste refers to the materials that
are disposed of in a system of waste management.
Waste is directly linked to human development, both technologically and
socially. The composition of different wastes has varied over time and
location, with industrial development and innovation being directly linked
to waste materials. Examples of this include plastics and nuclear
technology. Some components of waste have economical value and can
be recycled once correctly recovered.
SEGREGATION OF WASTE
Sales

1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
Biodegradable: animal sources, which may be broken down by other living organisms.
Waste that cannot be broken down by other living organisms may be called non-
biodegradable.
Biodegradable waste can be commonly found in municipal solid waste (sometimes called
biodegradable municipal waste, or BMW) as green waste, food waste, paper waste, and
biodegradable plastics. Other biodegradable wastes include human waste, manure,
sewage, slaughterhouse Biodegradable: Biodegradable waste is a type of waste, typically
originating from plant or waste.
Non-biodegradable: Non-biodegradable waste will NOT break down (or won't for many
many years). Examples are plastics, metal and glass. Dangerous chemicals and toxins are
also non-biodegradable, as are plastic grocery bags, Styrofoam (polystyrene), and other
similar materials.
WET: Kitchen waste, vegetable peel, waste from the garden, etc.
DRY: Paper, wood, plastic, etc.
HAZARDOUS: Battery cells, electronic items, paints, varnishes, etc.
 WASTE IS CLASSIFIED
IN TO
FOLLOWING CATEGORIES

DRY WASTE WET WASTE

• MOP STICK • VEGETABLE PEELS
• USED MOP CLOTH • FRUIT PEELS
• TOILET CLEANING BRUSH • ROTTEN VEGETABLES
• USED AND DIRTY FLOOR MATS • ROTTEN FRUITS
• USED TOOTH BRUSH • LEFT OVER FOODS
• SOAP COVER • MANGO SEEDS
• CHOCOLATE WRAPPER • USED TEA BAGS
• MILK COVER • USED COFEE POWDER FROM FILTER
• OIL CANS • EGG SHELLS
• EXPIRED FOOD PACKAGES • ROTTEN EGGS
• GHEE OIL PACKAGES • COCONUT SHELLS
• BUTTER WRAPING PAPER • USED LEAVE AND FLOWER FROM PUJA
• ETC.................................. • SPOILED SPICE.
 STANDERD OPERATING SYSTEM
OF WASTE TRANSPORTATION
• The genarel is collected from wards and transported to the garbage collection bin in every
shift i.e.three times a day .Black bags are segregated as per classification above for waste.All
genarel waste in black bags is carried away by the local municipal authority daily.

• After the waste generated at different area ,the HK staff collect them in respective colour
code garbage bag and accumulate at Dirty utility.

• While collecting proper PPE used.

• The garbage bag get collected ¾ filled or once in shift which every earlier

• From DU the garbage get transferred to Garbage Room for dispose off. This happen at end of
every shift.

• Again the staff use proper PPE while transferring.

 GENERAL WASTE
TRANSPORTATION

• Waste get collected on daily basis by respective vendor’s vehicle .Genarel waste by KMC
authorised vendor & Biomedical waste by authorised vendor of pollution control board
MEDICARE.

• Time for waste collection by vehicle generally by early morning or afternoon.

 METHODS OF WASTE DISPOSAL

1.LAND FILL
Disposing of waste in a landfill involves burying the waste, and this remains a common
practice in most countries. Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused
quarries, mining voids or borrow pits. A properly-designed and well-managed landfill
can be a hygienic and relatively inexpensive method of disposing of waste materials.
Older, poorly-designed or poorly-managed landfills can create a number of adverse
environmental impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and generation
of liquid leachate. Another common byproduct of landfills is gas (mostly composed of
methane and carbon dioxide), which is produced as organic waste breaks down
anaerobically. This gas can create odor problems, kill surface vegetation, and is a
greenhouse gas.

A landfill compaction vehicle in action.

Design characteristics of a modern landfill include methods to contain leachate such as
clay or plastic lining material. Deposited waste is normally compacted to increase its
density and stability, and covered to prevent attracting vermin (such as mice or rats).
Many landfills also have landfill gas extraction systems installed to extract the landfill
gas. Gas is pumped out of the landfill using perforated pipes and flared off or burnt in a
gas engine to generate electricity.
 2.INCINERATION

Incineration is a disposal method that involves combustion of waste material.

Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are sometimes
described as "thermal treatment". Incinerators convert waste materials into heat, gas,
steam, and ash.
Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by individuals and on a large scale by
industry. It is used to dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. It is recognized as a
practical method of disposing of certain hazardous waste materials (such as biological
medical waste). Incineration is a controversial method of waste disposal, due to issues
such as emission of gaseous pollutants.
3.THE THREE RS’
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
The waste hierarchy refers to the 3Rs of reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify
waste management strategies according to their desirability. The 3Rs are meant to
be a hierarchy, in order of importance.
The waste hierarchy has taken many forms over the past decade, but the basic
concept has remained the cornerstone of most waste minimisation strategies. The
aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from
products and to generate the minimum amount of waste.