The digestive system

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 Lesson 1
• OB6 Identify and locate the major parts of
the digestive system including: the mouth,
oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas,
small intestine, and know their functions
 Lesson 2
• OB7 Identify molars, premolars, canines
and incisors, and describe their functions
 Lesson 3
• OB8 Investigate the action of amylase on
starch; identify: the substrate, product and
enzyme
 Lesson 1

What happens during digestion? The

organs involved in the process
What happens in digestion?

The Cell
 5 Stages of Digestion
• Ingestion • In
• Digestion • Down
• Absorption • Around
• Assimilation • And
• Egestion • Eject
• http://www.learning-is-
fun.co.uk/biology/nutrition.html
• Ingestion: Food taken into mouth

• Digestion: Food broken down by teeth and

digestive enzymes

• Absorption: into bloodstream

• Egestion: Undigested
material egested through anus
 An Overview
Large
Molecule
A
B
Enzymes S
O
R
P
T
I
O
N
 Importance of digestion
• Digestion: Break down of large food
molecules into small molecules

• Types of digestion:
– Physical
– Chemical
 The Mouth
• Function: Chew food to break down
into smaller molecules
– Teeth
 Teeth Canines

• Four types of
teeth:
Incisors
1. Incisors
2. Canines
3. Pre – Molars
4. Molars

Premolar

Molar
 Biting Grasping
and and
Cutting Tearing

Incisor Canine

Grinding Grinding
and and
Crushing Crushing
Pre - Molar Molar
 Digestive Organs
• Oesophagus
Name some digestive
• Stomach
organs…..
• Small Intestines

• Large Intestines

• Pancreas

• Liver
 The parts of the digestive system
• The mouth

• The oesophagus

• The stomach

• The small intestine

• The large intestine

 The Oesophagus
• Function: to take food from mouth
to stomach by muscular action called
peristalsis

= Food particle

Oesophagus
 Stomach
• Store food
• Mix food with juice
• Kill bacteria in food
 Small Intestine
• Complete digestion of food
• Absorb digested food into bloodstream
 Large Intestine
• To absorb water from the waste food,
solidifying the faeces
 Liver
• The liver makes bile
• Function of bile
– to dissolve fats
– neutralise acid from
the stomach
The Pancreas
• Sends a liquid into the
small intestine
– digestive enzymes to
digest starch, proteins
and fats
 Lesson 3

Practical Class
 Enzymes
• Biological catalysts that break down food
 To investigate the action of
amylase on starch
Iodine
A B

Starch Starch sol.

sol. & amalyse 37°
10mins

A B
The Action of Amylase on Starch

Use the set up above to investigate!

 End Products of digestion
• Carbohydrate • Simple sugars

• Protein • Amino acids

• Fats • Fatty acids and

glycerol
 Assessment

Students must attempt all

questions!
 Question 1

• (a) What are the functions of the digestive

system

• (b) Name the chemicals that digest food

 Question 2
• Name the part
labelled A to E.
• Name the parts
labelled F and G
Question 4

• Follow the food as it

passes through the
digestive tract and
explain the process of
digestion.
• Identify type of teeth marked A,B and C.

A B C

• Give the function of each.

 Chapter Assessment

1. An enzyme is a biological _____________

2) Taking food into the mouth is known as ____________

3) Explain the difference between physical and chemical digestion.

Give one example of each type.
4) What is the name given to the process whereby food is pushed
along the alimentary canal

5) List the two major functions of the large intestine ?.

6) The oesophagus carries the food from the ________

to the __________
 Bibliography
• http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/HI
V/images/enzyme.jpg
• www.calalumni.ch/images/ 031025_basel_meeting/...
• http://science.waltermack.com/smack/yr8biol/digestion2.
gif
• http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/gelatin-capsule-
in-stomach.jpg
• http://www.becomehealthynow.com/images/organs/diges
tive/sm_intestine.jpg
• http://www.cindys-friends.com/images/pic_intestine.jpg
• http://laxmi.nuc.ucla.edu:8000/NM-
Mediabook/figures/GI/liver/liver_ant.gif
 Bibliography
• http://gxs.home.texas.net/work_samples/pancreasf/panc
reas.gif
• http://bimari-jankari.mla.iitk.ac.in/html/b_digest.htm
• http://files2.turbosquid.com/Preview/Content_on_8_10_2
005_06_45_00/mr_fastsss_teeth_various_poses.pnge9a
81577-7091-47bc-992e-835a2061e3dcLarge.jpg
• www.ivansanford.com/il_bloodstream.html
• Clip art
• Shea Mullally: Less stress more success – science
• Michael O’ Callaghan: Exploring Science: Edco