DISPOSAL OF WASTE BY THE

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION(C&D)
WASTE MANAGEMENT

PRESENTED BY
BASMA BASHEER
MTECH SEM III
 WHAT IS C & D WASTE?
• Waste material that is produced in the process
of construction, renovation, or demolition of
structures.
• Structures include buildings of all types (both
residential and non-residential) as well as
roads and bridges.
 Where Does Construction and
Demolition Debris Come From?

Renovation Demolition New Construction

40% 50% 10%
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
• Limited landfill space
• Energy lost by not recycling
• Disposal costs: fuel use, tipping fees
 WHAT DOES C & D WASTE
CONSISTS OF?
• Concrete
• Brick
• Timber
• Sanitary ware
• Glass
• Steel
• plastics
 Waste generated
from construction
industry

Inert material Non inert material

e.g., rocks, e.g., plastic,
concrete, bricks, packaging waste,
stone, earth. paint

 On site waste sorting

• Sort and segregate inert and non-inert materials
• Sort and segregate materials such as paper, plastic,
timber, metals, masonry, concrete and excavated soil
 Waste Minimization Strategies
• Waste minimization includes:
 Using only those materials that you need;
 Decreasing the amount of material that has
to be disposed of as trash; and
 Diverting materials from disposal to
reuse or recycling.
 SOURCE REDUCTION-REDUCE

• involves the use of processes, practices or

products to reduce or eliminate the generation
or the toxicity of pollutants and wastes.
• includes, but is not limited to, material
substitution, process substitution and process
elimination, source reduction involves reducing
the amount of material used through more
careful estimating to eliminate waste.
• Reduction -most efficient method to minimize
the generation of solid waste.
• Source reduction does not incur costs for
waste handling, recycling, and disposal for
waste that is never created.
• Hazardous materials are usually the main
target for reduction. Moreover, the rising of
hazardous waste disposal costs would
encourage the contractor to reduce it.
 REUSE
• Reuse techniques is defined as re-
employment of materials to be reuse in the
same application or to be used in lower
grade applications.
• Once the wastes generated cannot be
reduced or unavoidable, reuse techniques
is a desirable option.
• A variety of reusable and unused materials
could be found in construction activity
(piping, plywood, asphalt shingles)
• The re-use of products or materials that would
otherwise become waste can provide a range
of social, economic and environmental
benefits.
• Many building materials may be reusable
during renovation projects where a new
building is built following the demolition.
 RECYCLING
• the reprocessing of a reclaimed material and
converting it into a new material or use.

• Reuse and recycling opportunities for

construction and demolition wastes depend
on the markets for the individual materials
comprising the wastes and the ability to
process the commingled waste or separate
the individual materials.
• The benefits from waste recycling are not
solely environmental, but economic and
aesthetic as well. Recyclable materials have
differing market values depending on the
presence of local recycling facilities,
reprocessing costs, and the availability of
virgin materials on the market.
 Advantages of Recycling

Recycle technique is defined as utilizing

wastes as raw materials in other applications. It
takes less energy to process recycle materials
than it does to use virgin materials.
The advantages of a construction and demolition
recycling program include:
• Avoid trash collection and disposal fees
• Save resources and money
through deconstruction
• Improve organization’s public image
• Make new products from old materials
• Improve the market for recycled content products
• Help community meet local and state
waste reduction goals.
 Landfill Disposal and Zero Waste
• Disposal is the “no alternative” option because it
is the last functional element in the solid waste
management system and the ultimate fate of all
wastes that are of no further value, construction
and demolition waste is commonly managed via
land filling.
• There are some management concerns that must
be considered such as environmental impact,
public concerns and the adaptability for
multiple uses in the waste management system.
• In the management of existing landfills, the
major concern is to ensure that proper
operational procedures are followed carefully
and routinely. The basic issues for the planner
and manger are:

1. Justification of need for a landfill

2. Evaluation and community acceptance of
the landfill location
3. Landfill design and cost-effectiveness
4. Management policies and regulations
 CONCRETE
• Concrete is a mixture of sand, cement,
aggregate, water, & admixtures
• Benefits of reducing of Concrete waste
 Reduce cost of aggregates
 Reduce disposal cost
 Environmental degradation prevented
 Reduce consumption of natural resources
 Life span of landfill area will increase
 Stone/Marbles
How the waste is generated ?
The stone/marble which came from the quarry
was not of a perfect size and shape which is
likely to be used in work, so we have to cut the
stone/marble in desired shape and size as per
our requirement. After cutting the excess
portion has no further use hence waste is
generated .
Reuse of the waste :
• In most cases the stone waste is used as
filler material in road construction.
• The marble waste sometimes used in
terrazzo flooring.
• If there is no reuse of stones/marbles they
are dumped/sell to other agencies.
 Timber
How the Waste is generated?
Timber is generally used as framework
for building concrete structures, with
passage of time it become soft due to
contact with moisture of concrete.
Reuse of the waste
• It is mostly crushed into chip & used as
fuel.
• It can be utilized to manufacture wood-
chip concrete by injecting cement grout
into voids of compacted wood-chips in
moulds.
• Wood-chip concrete can be used as
building material.
 Steel
How steel waste generate ?
• Most of steel waste is generated during
demolition, around 70% to 80% of all steel
waste.
• Due to corrosion.
• Waste in terms of bent Nail.
• Small Pieces of G.I. pipes.
 Plastic
How plastic waste Generate?
• Cement bag
• Cover material for flooring
• Pieces of pipe.
Reuse of plastic waste
• Joint the plastic bags of cement & use as
curtain for protection of neighbour property
 Brick
How waste generate?
• The Brick Waste is generated in the form of
Bats and Small Pieces
• While loading from the manufacturing unit to
the unloading at the Site, there is possibility
where the Bricks get broken and turn into bats
and the small pieces
 Sand
How the waste is generated ?
• The sand which came from the quarry was not
of a perfect size which is likely to be used in
work, so we have to sieve as per our
requirement.
• After sieving the remaining sand has no
further use hence waste is generated.
• Construction waste management is required
for a country to develop in a sustainable
manner. It helps to address issues related to
environment, social and economy. Once the
root causes of waste generation are notified,
it can either be avoided or minimized to
benefit the world for better future