Electrical Safety

Outline
A. Sistem Tenaga Listrik
B. Konsep Dasar Listrik
C. Bahaya Listrik
D. Keselamatan Kerja Kelistrikan
A. Sistem Tenaga Listrik
B. Konsep Dasar Listrik
Sifat muatan Listrik
Tegangan Listrik

1 Volt adalah beda potensial antara dua titik

jika dibutuhkan usaha 1 Joule untuk
memindahkan muatan listrik 1 Coulumb.

Model Visual Tegangan

B. Konsep Dasar Listrik
Ohm's Law
• voltage (E) in volts is equal to the current (I) in
amperes multiplied by the resistance (R) in
ohms. In equation form:
This is the formula to use in order to find the
voltage when the current and resistance are
known.
• To find the current when the voltage and
resistance are known, the formula becomes:
• To find the resistance when the voltage and
current are known, the formula becomes:
Daya Listrik
Power is defined as the rate of doing
work. It is expressed in metric
measurements in watts.
Basic Concepts of Electricity
• Electricity is the flow
of electrons (current)
through a conductor.
• Requires a source of
power: usually a
generating station.
• Travels in a closed
circuit.
• When you become part
of the circuit, the injury
may be fatal.
C. Bahaya Listrik
Bahaya Listrik
1. Electrical Shock / Sengatan Listrik
2. Step Potential / Tegangan Langkah
3. Touch Potential
C.1 Electrical Shock
Electric shock occurs when the body becomes part of an electrical
circuit. Shocks can happen in three ways.
1. A person may come in contact with both conductors in a circuit
2. A person may provide a path between an ungrounded conductor
and the ground
3. A person may provide a path between the ground and a conducting
material that is in contact with an ungrounded conductor
 SUBPART

Hazards of Electricity
• Shock – Most common and can cause electrocution or muscle
contraction leading to secondary injury which includes falls
• Fires – Enough heat or sparks can ignite combustible materials
• Explosions – Electrical spark can ignite vapors in the air
• Arc Flash - can cause burns ranging from 14,000 degrees f. to
35,000 degrees f
• Arc Blast – In a short circuit event copper can expand 67,000
times. The expansion causes a pressure wave. Air also expands
adding to the pressure wave
 SUBPART

Fundamentals of Electricity
• Electrical current is the flow of electrons
through a conductor.
• A conductor is a material that allows
electrons to flow through it.
• An insulator resists the flow of electrons.
• Resistance opposes electron flow.
 8

Current Flows in a
Loop or Circuit
• Circuits are AC (alternating
current) or DC (direct
current).

• Current is usually AC.

• AC current has five parts:

(1) Electrical source
(2) HOT wire to the tool.
(3) The tool itself
(4) NEUTRAL wire returns
electricity from the tool
(5) GROUND
How Shocks Occur
• Current travels in closed circuits through
conductors (water, metal, the human
body).
• Shock occurs when the body becomes a
part of the circuit.
• Current enters at one point & leaves at
another.
Shocks Occur in
Three Ways
• Contact with both
conductors
• Contact with one
conductor and ground
• With a tool: contact with
“hot” metal part and
ground (1), (2) & (3)
Electric Shock
Entrance
• Received when current passes
through the body
• Severity of the shock depends on:
• Path of current through the
body
• Amount of current flowing
through the body
• Length of time the body is in
the circuit
• LOW VOLTAGE DOES
NOT MEAN LOW Ground
HAZARD Exit
• The terms high voltage and low voltage are relative terms. In
transmission-line terminology, "low voltage" is much higher than the
600 volts. At home, you would not think of 600 volts as being low
voltage.
• Even when applied to 120-volt circuits, the term low voltage is
deceiving. To some people low voltage means low hazard. Actually,
low voltage does not necessarily mean low hazard, because potential
difference is only one factor making up the dangerous effects of
electricity.
The extent of injury accompanying electric shock depends on three
factors:
1. The amount of current conducted through the body
2. The path of the current through the body
3. The length of time a person is subjected to the current
The amount of the current depends on the potential difference and the
resistance. The effects of low current on the human body range from a
temporary mild tingling sensation to death. An electric shock can injure
you in either or both of the following:
1. A severe shock can stop the heart or the breathing muscles, or both
2. The heating effects of the current can cause severe burns,
especially at points where the electricity enters and leaves the body
Effects of Electrical Current On the Human
Body
• Current is the killing factor in electrical shock. Voltage is important
only in that it determines how much current will flow through a given
body resistance.
• The current necessary to operate a 10 watt light bulb is eight to ten
times more current than the amount that would kill a person. A
pressure of 120 volts is enough to cause a current to flow which is
many times greater than that necessary to kill
Human Resistance to Electrical Current
Contoh kasus

220 Volt
Basic Concepts of Electricity
• Electricity is the flow
of electrons (current)
through a conductor.
• Requires a source of
power: usually a
generating station.
• Travels in a closed
circuit.
• When you become part
of the circuit, the injury
may be fatal.
C.2 Step Potential
C.3 Touch Potential
D. Keselamatan Kerja Kelistrikan
Kecelakaan listrik disebabkan oleh kombinasi tiga faktor:
1. Peralatan/instalasi yang tidak aman
2. Tempat kerja berada di lingkungan yang tidak aman
3. Praktik kerja yang tidak aman
Pengendalian Bahaya Listrik
• Pengendalian bahaya listrik dari sentuh langsung.
• Pengendalian listrik dari sentuh tidak langsung.
Pengendalian bahaya listrik dari sentuh
langsung

Semua bagian aktif/bertegangan diisolasi sehinga tidak ada potensi arus kejut
Pengendalian bahaya listrik dari sentuh
langsung
Pengendalian bahaya listrik dari sentuh
langsung
Pengendalian bahaya listrik dari sentuh
langsung
Pengendalian bahaya listrik dari sentuh
langsung
Pengendalian Listrik Dari Sentuh Tidak
Langsung
Memasang grounding/pembumian pada peralatan listrik
Memasang grounding/pembumian pada
peralatan listrik
 SUBPART

32

Circuit Interruption / Pemutus Arus

• We can be safer by automatically shutting off the
flow of electricity in the event of leakage,
overload, or short circuit.
• Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) are circuit
protection (or “overcurrent”) devices that protect
you, the worker.
• Circuit breakers & fuses protect equipment, not
you, because they take too much current & too
much time to trip.
 SUBPART

Circuit Protective Devices

• Circuit Breakers and Fuses
• Only protect the building, equipment, and
tools from heat build-up!
• Never depend on circuit breakers or fuses to
prevent shocks!
• Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
• Is the only device which will protect the
worker from shock and electrocution!
 SUBPART

K 35

How a GFCI Works

The GFCI detects
‘leakage’ of 4-6
milliamps & opens
the circuit in 1/40th
of a second.

It will work without

the ground plug
but not fast
enough if you are
the ground .