Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Why do we set casing?
– Casing is set for two Drilling reasons;
• Consolidate the hole already drilled (protect sensitive
formations, water sources etc),
• Provide pressure control integrity to drill ahead (be able to
safely handle a kick).
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Exploration Well Casing Setting Depths;
– Exploration wells are planned with little offset data,
– Each casing should be set as deep as it is safe This is to:
• Allow maximum contingency in case extra casings are
needed lower down,
• Minimize the number of casing strings run to minimize
well cost,
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Development Well Casing Setting Depths;
– Casings are run as minimum as possible. This to:
• Reduce the cost of the well (less time running casings; less
casing)
• Run smaller casings to reach the reservoir at a particular
hole size which will also lead to large cost savings (smaller
casings cheaper than larger; same for drillbits etc.)
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Exploration vs. Development (same target);
Exploration well 5 casings Development well 4 casings
13-3/8”
13-3/8”
Intermediate
9-5/8”
Intermediate
9-5/8”
Intermediate
Reservoir
7 7” Production casing
© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Restrictions on Casing Shoe Depth;
– Kick tolerance:
• The hole section should not be
drilled deeper than is possible to
safely circulate out a kick, based on
formation pressures, fracture
gradients and kick tolerance
policies.
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Restrictions on Casing Shoe Depth;
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Restrictions on Casing Shoe Depth;
– Wellbore Stability:
• We may be restricted by
deterioration of the wellbore with
time,
• If a formation is stabilized by our
mud system for up to 10 days,
then drilling ahead for 12 days
might prevent us logging the hole
or running casing.
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Restrictions on Casing Shoe Depth;
– Mud Requirements:
• We may have formations which
have mutually exclusive
requirements for the mud,
• For instance if we have very
reactive shale requiring ideally
OBM at a higher density to drill,
but the mud will cause emulsion
blocking in the reservoir, then we
need to separate the two with
casing.
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Restrictions on Casing Shoe Depth;
– Directional Requirements:
• We may anticipate problems
related to torque and drag, or
differential sticking due to
stationary string while using
downhole motors,
• The build up section may
need protection before
drilling ahead.
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Restrictions on Casing Shoe Depth;
– Fracture gradient at the shoe:
• We need to set our casing in a competent formation for
drilling ahead,
• We could drill to the limit for kick tolerance on a hole
section; but if the place where we set the casing is fractured
or underpressured then the shoe will be too weak to drill
ahead.
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Conductor Pipe;
• Purpose:
– Prevents washing out under the rig,
– Provides elevation for flow and bell nipple.
• Common Sizes and Depths:
– 30” - 20” Welded,
– 20” - 16” Threaded,
– 30’ - 200’ (< 100’ common).
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Special Criteria;
– Conductor Pipe (offshore):
• The Conductor needs to be set deep enough in a formation
which allows returns to the flowline,
• The minimum depth for the conductor shoe to allow returns
to the flowline can be calculated:
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Production;
• Purpose:
– Isolates the pay zone from other formations and the fluids in
them,
– Protective housing for production equipment,
» Subsurface artificial lift,
» Multiple zone completion,
» Screens for sand control,
– Covers worn or damaged intermediate string.
• Common sizes:
– 4 1/2”, 5”, 7”, & 9 5/8”.
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Liners;
Drill pipe
– Prime reason: Wiper Plug
• Save money,
• Cover Corroded/Damaged Casing,
Liner
• Cover: Hanger
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Liners;
TIE BACK
• Tie-Back (Liner Complement); STINGER WITH
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing and Casing Design
• Casing String Types;
– To Conclude;
• Drive Pipe,
• Conductor Pipe,
• Surface Casing,
• Intermediate Casing,
• Production Casing:
– Liner,
– Liner & Tieback,
– Full String.
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
Casing Point Selection
• Now You should be able to:
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© COPYRIGHT 2001, . All Rights Reserved
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End of Lecture