TM-141 Pengantar Metalurgi

Kusharjanto, Ir., MT.

Metallurgical Engineering Department
Faculty of Engineering
University of Jenderal Achmad Yani
2004

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 Tujuan Perkuliahan
• Memberikan/memperkenalkan pengetahuan
dan pemahaman dasar tentang proses
pengolahan bahan/material melalui berbagai
proses hingga menjadi produk jadi (proses-
proses dari hulu ke hilir).

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 Silabus
• Pengantar mengenai metalurgi (siklus material).
• Pengolahan bahan galian.
• Pemurnian bijih logam.
• Proses pembuatan besi kasar.
• Proses pembuatan baja dari besi kasar.
• Jenis-jenis tungku peleburan untuk besi cor dan baja.
• Sifat-sifat bahan (mekanik, fisik, kimia dan teknologi).
• Struktur atom.
• Paduan dan diagram fasa.
• Klasifikasi besi cor dan baja berdasarkan diagram fasa Fe-C.
• Klasifikasi material berdasarkan standar.
• Proses-proses manufaktur.
• Pengujian bahan.

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 Pustaka
• W.F. Smith, “Principles of Materials Science and Engineering”,
McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 1990.
• J.A. Jacobs, ”Engineering Materials Technology”, Prentice-Hall, 1994.
• S.H. Avner, ”Introduction to Physical Metallurgy”, McGraw-Hill,
Tokyo, 1974.
• D.S. Clark, W.R. Varney, ”Physical Metallurgy for Engineers”, Van-
Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1952.
• D.A. Brandt, ”Metallurgy Fundamentals”, Goodheart-Willcox Co. Inc.,
South Holland, Illinois, 1985.
• B.J. Moniz, ”Metallurgy”, 2nd edition, ATP, Homewood, Illinois, 1994.
• E. Paul DeGarmo, J.T. Black, Kohser, ”Materials and Processes in
Manufacturing”, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1988.
• Ying Zhang, “ME3110: Physical Metallurgy & Heat Treatment”,
Lecture Modules, University of Tennessee, USA, 2003.
• James P. Brik, “CHM-115 BLB, Chapter 23: Metals and Metallurgy”,
Lecture Modules, Arizona State University, USA, 2001.

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 Penilaian
• Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS) = 30%
• Ujian Akhir Semester (UAS) = 40%
• Tugas-tugas = 20%
• Kuis = 10%
• Yang berhak mengikuti ujian akhir
semester: kehadiran ≥ 80%

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Contoh-contoh produk :
Early food containers of glass & steel use common ceramic and metal
materials of the late 19th & early 20th centuries

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The new containers are lightweight, will not break, and
offer long shelf life for their contents

Advances in materials technology brought on new containers made of two-

piece Al and steel cans and “barrier” packages made of laminated
composites of plastics, aluminum, and paper. 7
Decorated Foil Pouches for Food and Drink
• 1XXX represents the commercially
pure aluminum.
 High formability, corrosion
resistance and electrical
conductivity
 Electrical, chemical applications
• The 1XXX series would not be used
where strength is a prime
consideration.
• For the applications where extremely
high corrosion resistance, formability
and/or electrical conductivity are
required (foil and strip for packaging)

1060 or 1110
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 Jembatan

Pipeline

Dumptruck
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Pesawat terbang

Jaringan listrik

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 Rodagigi
Peralatan dapur Kereta listrik

Baut dan mur

Elektronik Pembuatan Pesawat terbang

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Komponen mesin
Sudu turbin

Komponen mesin Pembuatan mobil

hasil coran

Komponen mesin

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Patung tembaga paduan Pakaian perang

Bronze
Mask

Mobil masa depan

Ford contour dengan bahan

dari aluminium ekstrusi

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Komponen produk pengecoran

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Blok mesin hasil cor

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What is a metal?

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 Metals

• Metals: combination of metallic elements (free electrons)

 good conductors of electricity and heat
 not transparent to visible light
 strong and ductile
• A metal is defined as an opaque, lustrous elemental
chemical substance that is a good conductor of heat and
electricity, and when polished, a good reflector of light.
(ASM Definition)

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 The Periodic Table
Metals

Transition Metals

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Five Types of Materials
• Metals
• Ceramics
• Polymers
• Composites
• Other materials

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What is Metallurgy?

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 Metallurgy
• Metallurgy: the study of metals
 One field on which materials science and
engineering was based
 Through the centuries, metals in their many
combinations as alloys have been developed
into a key material for engineering

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What is an engineering material?

• A solid with useful properties (structural,

electrical, optical properties, corrosion resistance,
etc.), which go into products and systems
• Engineering materials technology covers the fields
of applied science related to materials, materials
processing, and the many engineering specialties
dealing with materials such as research and
development, design, manufacturing, construction,
and maintenance.

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 Some Definitions

• Materials science: a discipline involves investigating and

understanding the relationships that exist between the
structures and properties of materials
… Fundamental: “WHY?”
• Materials engineering: on the basis of these structure-
property correlations, designing or engineering the structure
of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties
… Applied: “HOW?”

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Application of the Tetrahedron of Materials Science &
Engineering to Sheet Steels for Automotive Chassis

Note that the microstructure-synthesis and processing-composition are all

interconnected and affect the performance-to-cost ratio. 30