CHAPTER 4

THE RISE AND SPREAD OF

ISLAM
“This day, I have perfected your
religion for you, completed My
favour upon you, and have
chosen for you Islam as your
religion.”

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Surah Al-Maidah 1
WHAT IS THE MEANING OF ISLAM?
Peace and it had existed from the time of JAHILIAH.
JAHILIAH

The crescent and star is a symbol widely

used by the Muslims today.

The crescent symbolises ‘light’ and the star

symbolises ‘guidance’.

Together they represent Islam as giving

light and comfort to the Muslims.

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 FOUNDER OF ISLAM

He was Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

The religion was spread by Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be

Upon Him) and his followers during the seventh century a.D.

The religion was founded amidst a lot of lawlessness and crime.

As such the religion was brought in to invite All mankind to obey

Allah and to do good deeds.

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ARABIA, THE LAND WHERE ISLAM BEGAN

Arabia occupies a large piece of land between the

Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. 4
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Most of the land in Arabia is desert land.

There are places where

water can be found allowing
trees and crops to grow.

These places are called

oases.

From earlier times, towns

in Arabia sprang up around
oases. Arabian town between the
desert and an oasis

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PEOPLE OF ARABIA
NOMADS

BEDOUINS

A CAMEL TRAIN TRADERS

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 THE PEOPLE OF ARABIA
During the sixth /seventh century, Arabia’s population
was made up of two main groups:

 People who lived in towns and villages

 People who were desert nomads -

Bedouins

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 INFLUENCES ON ARABIA
Arabia was influenced by civilisations and cultures of its
surrounding countries.

Traders from these countries often crossed Arabia.

Jewish and Christian ideas spread into Arabia along the trade
routes.

People from the neighbouring countries came to settle in many

of the oases towns.

Thus the Arab people were influenced by external forces.

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 THE BEDOUINS
The Bedouins moved from place to place and lived in tents.

They kept animals such as goats, sheep, camels and horses.

They were organised into tribes, each with its own leaders.

The leaders were known as sheikhs.

The Bedouin tribes often raided towns and villages and attacked
travellers crossing the desert.

For protection, travellers often banded together and carried their

goods on camels.

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MAP OF THE LOCATION OF ARABIA
IN RELATION TO ITS NEIGHBOURS

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 THE HOLY CITY OF MEKAH
1. Began as an oasis town.

2. A religious centre.

3. Developed into an 4. Tribesmen were descendants of prophet

important trading centre. Ibrahim (On Him be bliss and peace).

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6th Century people had Built by Prophet Ibrahim
different religions. (On him be bliss and peace).

Kaabah A black stone worshipped by

Most important people. Statues and idols of
Place of worship. false gods found.

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THE KAABAH

The Kaabah is the Qibla for

Muslims.

Although Muslims face

Kaabah during prayers they do
not worship the Kaabah.

Muslims worship and bow to

none but Allah.

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 EARLY LIFE OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD
(PEACE BE UPON HIM)

Born in 571 A.D..

Father was a descendant of Prophet Ibrahim (On him be bliss

and peace).
Father died before he was born.

At six years old, Mother passed away.

Grandfather Abdul Mutalib and uncle Abu Talib brought

him up.

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As a child, he followed his uncle Abu Talib to Syria to
trade.
When he was a grown man, he became a trader.

He travelled to Syria to sell goods for a merchant

called Saiditina Siti Khadijah.
When he was 25 years old, he married her.
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The birth of Prophet Muhammad
The Prophet
Islam in the and his followers
began
Holy City of fled to Yathrib in 622.
preaching
Mekah The name Yathrib was
about
Prophet changed to the Holy
Islam urging
Muhammad City of Medinah.
people to
received first
worship
message from
the one true
Allah from
god Allah.
Angel Jibril.

THE Prophet Prophet

BI RT H Muhammad Muhammad
AND led an army continued to
SPREAD to capture the spread Islam
OF Holy City of and established
IS LAM Mekah in 630. the Islamic
He died in 632. state.
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 1. The Declaration of Faith
(Syahadah)
“There is no God but Allah, and
Muhammed is his Prophet.”
The Five
Pillars 2. Prayer (Solat)
of Islam
(Rukun
3. Almsgiving (Zakat)
Islam)

4. Fasting during Ramadan

5. The Haj
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 The Six Principles of Islam

2. Belief in the Angels

1. Belief in Allah (malaikat)

4. Belief in the Holy

3. Belief in the Prophets Books of Allah

5. Belief in 6. Belief in the

Predestination Hereafter
(Qada and Qadar)

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EXPANSION OF ISLAM RASHIDIN CALIPHS

Sayyidina Abu Bakar

632-634
After the death
of Prophet
Sayyidina Umar
Muhammad, the 634- 644
Islamic State was
ruled by a series
of Caliphs Sayyidina Uthman
(kings and 644-656
leaders).
Sayyidina Ali
656-661 19
THE EXPANSION OF ISLAM IN THE 7TH CENTURY

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 EXPANSION OF ISLAM

Some of the Caliphs expanded the Islamic State into

Africa, Europe and much of Asia in the seventh and
eight centuries.

Thus the Islamic Empire was created.

Though the Islamic state continued to spread, by the

ninth century, the Islamic Empire began to break up.

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THE EXPANSION OF ISLAM IN THE
7TH AND 8TH CENTURIES

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THE UMAYYAD
DYNASTY

The dynasty
declined in the
8th century.

The main reason

for the decline
was the
appointment of
members of
their family
rather than
choosing men of
talent.

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 THE ABBASID DYNASTY ( 750 – 1258 )

Set up capital at Baghdad

ABU-AL-ABBAS Denotes the empire
( 750 – 754 ) not an just an Arab
Empire but a
Muslim Empire.
AL-MANSUR
( 754 – 775 )

With his death, the

Empire began to decline.
Replaced by the Fatimid
HARUN-AL RASHID
( 786 – 809 )
Family in 973 and later the
Monguls in 1258

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THE BREAK UP OF THE ABBASID EMPIRE

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THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE MUSLIM EMPIRE
 Translation works and a Common Language

 Arabic Literature a wide

variety of ideas and stories

from various parts of the

empire

 Arabic medicine especially

in the study of eye diseases
and infectious diseases

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 Astronomy – Muslims learnt about the stars and
planets and were also good navigators. Also used
astronomy to calculate the start of each month and to
work out the time for prayers

An astrolabe
To measure the
position of the
stars and planets

The invention of
the compass

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 Architecture –Stone and marble
walls mosques were built and
these were richly decorated.

 Mathematics- Arabs used the

Hindu system of numerals.
Added the number zero – new
developments in mathematics
Great Muslim mathematician – Muhammad

ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi ( 780 – 850 )

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 Art – geometric designs
- calligraphy with stylised writing of Arabic script

 Other areas of Study – in the fields of chemistry

known as alchemy,botany,
zoology and geography

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 WHAT IS JAHILIAH?

It was a period of time in Arabia where the people were

ignorant and lawless.

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BACK
Qibla i.e.the direction Muslims face during their prayers.

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BACK
The journey of the
Prophet from Mekah
to Medinah

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