NAME : MUSTAHSAN KHAN

CLASS ID : CU-488-2014

SUBMITTED TO : SIR, ATIQ

SUBJECT : VERNICULAR ARCHITECTURE

ASSIGNMENT TOPICS : USE OF MUD AS CONSTRUCTION

MATERIAL IN RURAL AREAS OF PAKISTAN

DATE : 23-12-2017
USE OF MUD AS CONSTRUCTION
MATERIAL IN RURAL AREAS OF PAKISTAN
Pakistani village life is the traditional rural life of the
people of Pakistan.
The rural villagers of Pakistan commonly live in houses
made of bricks, clay or mud. These typically have two
or three rooms which house extended families. In the
modern days they are living by making separate home
for each family but they don't live way from each
other, they are extending their villages by making
more homes. In Gongrani, Baluchistan, people live in
homes built within cliff-side caves that are connected
by walkways. Most of the villagers are farmers but
other rural occupations include blacksmiths,
hairdressers and tailorers, shepherds
USE OF MUD Rural Areas of Punjab and Sindh :
In rural areas Mud Clay houses are
founded. Now a day this practice has lost
its importance. Since hard Brick and semi
concrete houses are also being built in
these areas.
Mud Houses:
Main Materials used in construction

. MUD

. Brick

. Other materials:
Wood

Steel

Cement

Stones

Straw

Plastic
FOUNDATION:
Foundation depth is about 2 feet to 3 feet.
Sometimes 1 foot foundation is considered to be enough
Walls:
Walls are built with burnt bricks or sun-dry bricks which is the type of
mud’
No formwork is used in some areas. The Wall is built in layers.

Roof:
Mud, wood and steel is used with flat roofs.
Nowadays cement is also being used for the making
of roofs.
 Floor Finishing:
People use mud for making the floors
Nowadays cement is also being used for floss
finishing

In Coastal areas of Sindh and Balouchistan wind

action is also taken into account,
sometimeswind blows with enormous power so
that the roofs are stuck off from buildings. So
remediesare taken to overcome it
MUD USES IN BOLOUCHISTAN
Bricks:
Sun dry and sometimes burnt
bricks are used for the
construction.
he mould size of the bricks is as follows;
9”*4.5”*3” Foundation depth is kept from 12” to 24”.
Moulds are usually Steel or wooden
Foundation: Mostly 12” foundation is kept.

Walls:
Walls are made from sundry bricks or un-burnt bricks.
The
thickness of the wall is 20” to 25”
Same procedure is adopted for the construction of the wall i.e.
The wall is constructed indifferent layers.

Lintel:
The lintel is a horizontal beam that supports the weight of the
wall above a window or door
Wood is mainly used as a lintel.
Especially
Date’s dry wood
is used as lintel.
Eucalyptus dry wood is also used as lintel.
Wood of many other strong trees is also used as lintel.
Floor and Plastering:

Floor finishing is done by using mixture of;

a)

Water

b)

Mud

c)

Straw

The floor finishing is shown below in figures:

 MUD USE IN NORTHERN AREAS

Northern areas of Pakistan fall in High Seismic region

and due to cold climate people in rural andurban
areas build houses with not much difference.
However, we divided that region in toextremely frost
areas and cold areas.By this division we mean that
area of Kashmir and its surroundings, Murree and
Hilly Areas, Kargiland Sakrdo etc.
THEY USE MUD IN THEIR BUILDINGS