Comité Puentes - Chile

First US-Chile Workshop on Bridge Earthquake Engineering

30-31 August 2016

Design of New Bridges

Matías A. Valenzuela.
P.E, MsC, Ph.D,
Public Works Ministry Chile
Conceptual Design

Cantilever

Cable-stayed
Conceptual Design

Main Span: 540 m

Height Pylon: 120 m
Stay Distance: 20 m
Width Deck: 20 m
Stay Arragement: Semi-Fan
Deck: Steel
Pylon: Concrete
Conceptual Design

Cantilever Cable-Stay

Deck Concrete Composite

Height deck (m) 2.3 - 4.5 ~2

Foundation/Water Foundation 11/7 6/2

Main Span 90 m 450-540 m

Contruction method Cantilever Cantilever/Ferry

Estimated Cost (UF) 2.200.000 2.000.000 – 3.600.000

Conceptual Design
Conceptual Preliminar
Project
Design Project
Topography g g s
General Topography g s s
Special zone Topography g g s
Bathimetry s s s
General Bathimetry s s s
Detailed Bathimetry g g s
Bathimetry Monitoring - - s
Maritimes Studies g s s
Tidal g s s
Currents g s s
Water properties g s s
Spreading g s s
Waves g s s
Tsunamis g g s
Ship navigation s s s
Numeriacal Model - g s

g Office
s Total
Conceptual Design
Conceptual Preliminar
Project
Design Project
Wind Studies g (d ) s s
Mesurements s s s
Wind Tunnel - - s
Sieismicity g (c ) s s
Acelerograph s s s
Seismicity - g g
Volcano - g g
Seismic Risk - g g
Response spectrum - g g
Geología s s s
Geophysics Applied s s s
Scour Studies g g s

Structural Geology g g g

(a) uno en cada pila

(b) uno en cada cepa
(c ) (+) dos acelerografos para diseño g Gabinete
(d) dos torres con anemómetros para diseño s Completo
Conceptual Design
Conceptual
Preliminar Project Project
Design
Geotechnical s s s
Deatailed stratigraphy s s s
Shear wave velocity s s s
Index properties s s s
Stiffness parameters s s s
Boreholes s (a) s s
SPT) s (b) s s
Water level - s s

Menard Test
s (a) s s
Permeability Test - s s
Geophysic s (a) s s
Lab Test s s s
Soil Dynamics - s s

(a) Each pylon

(b) One each pulon
(c ) (+) two acelerometers for design g Gabinete
(d) Two towers with anemometers for design s Completo
Dr. Ing. Matías Valenzuela
30 August 2016
Chacao Bridge: A long journey

90 decade: Conceptual Engineering.

2001: Study of Basic Engineering and Project Reference

Suspension bridge.

2005: Tender under the system of public works concession (PPP).

2012: Re-evaluation of the project.

• Maximum amount of USD 740 million including access roads and
service area
• Design and construction of public works contract by the traditional
system of state procurement
• February 18, 2014: Award (International Consortium)
 General background of the project

Project : International bidding: Chacao

Bridge Design and Construction

Type of : Traditional system of public

contract works contracts

Bridge : Suspension bridge about 2.75

Typology km in length
Large spans (more vain about
1,055 and 1,155 m)
Location : Los Lagos region, 1,100 km
south of Santiago

Maximum : USD 740 million

investment Total project)
11
Characteristics of the area of location

• Chiloe Island and bridge construction sector, are in a highly seismic

zone
• The channel is characterized by strong winds, tides and currents
• The depth of the channel reaches a maximum of 120 m
• In the central part of the channel there is a place called Roca
Remolinos, which can support the central pylon
Structural Scheme:
Chacao Bridge
PPWS Method
Basic Engineering: Current and reference

Topography
and
Geodesy

14
Basic Engineering: Current and reference

Geology
and
Geotechnic

15
Basic Engineering: Current and reference

Wind
measurements

16
Basic Engineering: Current and reference

Seismic
studies

17
Basic Engineering: Current and reference

Maritime
studies

18
Definitive
project
Normatives and Codes

 AASHTO LRFD 2012

 Japanese Normative
 Eurocodes
 Chilean Codes (NCh)
 Manual de Carreteras
(Chile)
 New Seismic Criteria (Chile)

19
Definitive
project

Global Analysis
Static
Dynamic
Push-over
Definitive
project

Wind tunnel
Topography,
Deck section
Full bridge
 TSUNAMI

• Cargas desbalanceadas

• Diseño de la silla central

• Diseño de la pila central

• Max. Heigh waves
• Comportamiento aerodinámico
• Central Pylon
 Seismic Behavior Criteria

• Construction Earthquake (CE),

40 year Return Period – Elastic behavior – Partial Construction

• Functional Evaluation Earthquake (FEE),

Probabilistic Seismic Risk Analysis – Return Period 100 to 475 years

Elastic behavior – Immediate service operation (all vehicles)

• Maximum Probable Earthquake(MPE),

Return Period 1000 years – reparable damage

Service Operation (emergency vehicles)

• Non-Collapse Earthquake (NCE),

Return Period 2500 years – Severe damage but not collapse

No performance traffic requirement
 Seismic Design Guidelines

1. PSHA: Response Spectrum at Baseline

rock

2. DSHA: Local fault of Ancud (FGA)

3. Installation of seismometers and

accelerometer network. Use for FGA
definition during design and construction
phase

4. Section of Time-History recorders at rock

and implementation in the uniform risk
response spectrum.
Guideline Seismic Design
 Guideline Seismic Design

5. Free-field soil movements, from in-situ response analysis.

• 1D response analysis: transverse movement in surface at each foundation except Central Pylon

• 2D response analysis: all strait, longitudinal movement at surface at each foundation

• 2D response analysis: transverse movement in surface at each Central Pylon

1. Local Model: Dynamic Impendence (Stiffness and damping) and movement

including kinematics interaction (Anchorage and North and Central Foundation
of Pylons)
 Guideline Seismic Design

7. Multi-Mode Response Spectrum (MPE)

8. R-Factors: Pylons

9. Isolation system on South Approach Bridge

10. Seismic Detailing (AASHTO + Manual de Carreteras)

11. Static Push Over Analysis: Inelastic Behavior

12. Geotechnical Analysis> Slopes and foundation movements

 Guideline Seismic Design

The Approach Bridge

 Guideline Seismic Design

General description of proposal

Seismic Isolation is considered by a hybrid system with SI Bearings at the non-flexible

substructures (i.e. South Pylon and South Abutment), and restrained bearings at the
flexible Piers.

Seismic detailing is provided in potential plastic hinge areas of the columns to

provide a ductile secondary system (ductile substructure mechanism).

High focus on seating length requirements at South Pylon and South Abutment (max
of GA displacements incl. permanent displacements and minimum requirement
according to MC/AASHTO and NCS.).

Intermediate seismic stoppers is provided at South Pylon and South Abutment.

The Pier columns is designed with R=1.5 (according to AASHTO SI Design).

The Hold-Down Devices are designed separate from the SI System (Chilean practice).

The SI System is designed separate from HDD with bearing design approach as
presented
 Guideline Seismic Design

Horizontal Articulation System

Lead Rubber SIBs at South Pylon and Abutment is considered.

Bearings at Piers is considered to restrained bearings (e.g. pot bearings).

An additional strong shear key is provided for capacity in the transverse direction at
Piers.

No shear key is required for longitudinal direction (limited reactions due to pier
flexibility).

Design criteria for Horizontal Articulation System

Horizontal SI System designed separate from HDD (Chilean practice).

Lead Rubber Bearings designed according to AASHTO.

Restrained bearings and shear key at Piers designed according to resistance of plastic
hinge mechanism determined from the Approach Bridge pushover analysis.
 Guideline Seismic Design

Hold-Down Device System

Basic tie-rods according to NCS at Piers (no relative horizontal displacements).

Tie-rods at South Pylon and South Abutment according to Chilean practice and NCS
with maximized free length according to practical space available (e.g. distance
between top of South Pylon Crossbeam and underside of Superstructure concrete
deck =>~3m).

Hold-Down Device design criteria

HDD handled separate from horizontal articulation (SI System) in all axes.

HDD designed according to the higher demand of AASHTO Section 3.10.9.6 (including
the vertical accelerations to be consistent with general design) and the NCS.

Tie-rod bar type according to MC and designed with a stress-limitation of

0.7fy(Chilean practice).
 Guideline Seismic Design

Intermediate Seismic Stoppers

Intermediate seismic stoppers, is provided at South Pylon and South Abutment.

Seismic stoppers should not be according to NCS (A0 on total weight at the considered
axis), as this results in too strong stoppers increasing the risk of damage to interfacing
structures.

No intermediate stoppers are provided at Piers (strong shear key provided).

Pier substructure

Seismic detailing is provided in the potential plastic hinge areas (top and bottom of
columns).

Pier columns designed with R=1.5 for MPE forces (according to AASHTO).

No separate detailed analysis or documentation of structural behavior for secondary

seismic system is necessary.
 Santiago – CHILE
18 al 20 de Octubre de 2017
October 18 to 20, 2017

SECOND INTERNATIONAL BRIDGES CONGRESS - CHILE 2017, DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION

AND MAINTENANCE
Venue
Santiago - Chile

Dates
18 - 20 October 2017

Organizan / Organized by
Segundo Congreso Internacional de Puentes – Chile 2017: Diseño, Second International Bridges Congress - CHILE 2017: Design,
Construcción y Mantenimiento Construction and Maintenance

Santiago – CHILE
16 al 21 de Octubre de 2017 - October 18 to 20, 2017

INFORMATION and CONTACT

Dr. Matías Valenzuela Saavedra, Bridge Department, Public Works Ministry of Chile
matias.valenzuela@mop.gov.cl
Venue – Santiago Chile

Technical Visit – Puerto Montt, Chile

Chacao Bridge Project