Introduction to System

Development
 Overview
In today’s businesses, managers and employees
in all functional areas work together and use
business information systems. They are
expected to help and, in many cases, provide
project leadership. Users might request that a
systems development team determine whether
they should purchase new mobile computing
devices or create an attractive Web site.
 Systems Development Team
• Project Manager
– Person assigned by the organization doing the
work of the project to achieve the project
objectives.
 Systems Development Team cntn.
• Stakeholders
– People who ultimately will be affected (for better or
worse) by the systems development project.

• Users
– People who will regularly interact with the system.

• Systems analyst
– A professional who specializes in analyzing and
designing business systems.
 Systems Development Team cntn.
• Programmer
– A specialist responsible for modifying or developing
programs to satisfy user requirements.
• Steering Team
– A small group of senior managers representing the
business and IS organizations that provide guidance
and support to the project.
• Project Sponsor
– A key member and leader of the steering committee
who plays such a critical role that lack of this essential
individual raises the distinct probability of project
failure.
 Major Role of the Sponsor
• Aligns project goals and objectives with organizational goals and
objectives
• Obtains budget, people, and other necessary resources for the
project
• Acts as a vocal and visible champion for the project to gain the
support of others
• Identifies and removes barriers to project success
• Resolves any issues outside the control of the project manager
• Provides advice and counsel to the project team
• Keeps informed of major project activities and developments
• Has final approval of all requests for changes in project scope,
budget, and schedule
• Signs off on approvals to proceed to each succeeding project phase
Intro to Systems Development

INFORMATION SYSTEMS PLANNING

 Information Systems Planning
• The identification of those information
systems development initiatives needed to
support organizational strategic goals.
Intro to Systems Development

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

(SDLC)
Traditional Systems Development Life
Cycle
• A sequential multistage process where work
on the next stage cannot begin until the
results of the previous stage are reviewed and
approved or modified as necessary.
 Systems Investigation
• The purpose of this phase of systems
development is to gain a clear understanding
of the specifics of the problem to be solved or
the opportunity to be addressed.
 Feasibility Analysis
• Assessment of the technical, economic, legal,
operational, and schedule
 System Analysis
• This phase of systems development involves
gathering data on the existing system,
determining the requirements for the new
system, considering alternatives within
identified constraints, and investigating the
feasibility of alternative solutions.
 System Design
• The stage of systems development that
creates a complete set of technical
specifications that can be used to construct
the information system.
 System Construction
• The phase of systems development that
converts the system design into an operational
system by acquiring and installing hardware
and software, coding and testing software
programs, creating and loading data into
databases, and performing initial program
testing.
 Integration Testing
• Testing that involves linking all of the
individual components together and testing
them as a group to uncover any defects
between individual components.
 System Implementation
• Involves successfully introducing an
information system into an organization.
DISCUSSION QUESTION
 Instruction
• In a 1 whole yellow paper, write your thoughts
on the topic list on the next slide. English
minimum of 100 words each question.
 Activity 1
• Software companies are continually improving
programming languages. Would learning a
programming language in grade school provide you
with skills that you would need more than a decade
later when you enter the workforce? Why or why not?
• Suppose a large school district decides to add
programming to its elementary school curriculum. Few
teachers can program. How could a school district deal
with that problem? Would school districts with more
money fare better with these projects than school
districts with fewer financial resources?
 Systems Operation
• Use of a new or modified system under all
kinds of operating conditions.
 Systems Maintenance
• A stage of systems development that involves
changing and enhancing the system to make it
more useful in achieving user and
organizational goals.
 Systems Disposal
• Those activities that ensure the orderly
dissolution of the system including those
activities required to closeout any contracts in
place, dispose of all equipment in an
environmentally friendly manner, and to safely
migrate information from the system to
another system or archive it in accordance to
applicable records management policies.
USEFUL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
TECHNIQUES
 joint application development
(JAD)
• A structured meeting process that can
accelerate and improve the efficiency and
effectiveness of the investigation, analysis,
and design phases of a systems development
project.
 FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION
• A technique used during the investigation,
analysis, and design phases to define the
business processes included within the scope
of the system.
 Data Flow Diagram
(DFD)
• A diagram used during both the analysis and
design phases to document the processes of
the current system or to provide a model of a
proposed new system.
 DFD
• DFDs are easy to develop and easily understood by
nontechnical people.Data-flow diagrams use four
primary symbols, as shown in Figure 8
1. The data-flow line includes arrows that show the
direction of data movement
2. The process symbol identifies the function being
performed (e.g., CheckStatus, Issue Status Message)
3. The entity symbol shows either the source or
destination of the data (e.g., Customer, Warehouse)
4. A data store symbol reveals a storage location for
data (e.g., Pending Orders, Accounts Receivable).
DRAW A DFD OF A TRADITIONAL
COFFEE SHOP
 References
• Ralph M. Stair and George W. Reynolds
Fundamentals of Information Systems 8th Ed.,
Cengage Learning, 2016