SOLAR ENERGY

Y.MOHAN SAI (BA15ARC060)

VAMSHI KRISHNA (BA15ARC059)
SHIBADATTA SHIBANI PRASAD (BA15ARC049)
SOLAR ENERGY

 Solar energy is the energy received by the earth from the sun.
 This energy is in the form of solar radiation, which makes the
production of solar electricity.
 TYPES OF SOLAR ENERGY :-
 PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY
 ACTIVE SOLAR ENERGY
 PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR POWER
 SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY
PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY

 Passive Solar Energy is a method in which solar energy is

harnessed in its direct form without using any mechanical
devices.
 Drying Clothes in daylight is an example of using solar energy
passively.
 Passive Solar Energy has a few applications which all of us can
use (where ever there is sunlight)
 DAYLIGHTING.
 PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING.
 PASSIVE SOLAR COOLING.
ACTIVE SOLAR ENERGY

 The Active Solar Energy employs mechanical or electrical

equipment for functioning and increase system efficiency.
 As an example water pumps are used to circulate water through
the active solar energy water heating system.
 Some Applications of Active Solar Energy which can be very
helpful to all of us.
 ACTIVE SOLAR WATER HEATING.
 ACTIVE SOLAR POOL HEATING.
 ACTIVE SOLAR SPACE HEATING.
SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY

 Solar Thermal Energy is the heat energy derived from the

incident solar energy (sunlight). This is used by Solar Heating
Panels.
 Solar Thermal Energy does have advantages like other forms of
solar energy.
 SOLAR WATER HEATING.
 SOLAR POOL HEATING.
 SOLAR SPACE HEATING.
PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY

 The Energy generated by incident solar energy (light) into

electricity is termed as Photovoltaic Solar Power. This is done
using Photovoltaic Solar Cells.
 Applications of photovoltaic solar power.
 SOLAR ELECTRICITY.
 PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR HEATING.
 PHOTOVOLTAIC COOLING.
USES OF SOLAR ENERGY

 SOLAR ENERGY IS USED TO CHARGE BATTERY.

 USED TO HEAT WATER
 SWIMMING POOL CAN BE HEATED USING SOLAR ENERGY.
 POWER YOUR HOME WITH SOLAR ENERGY.
 SOLAR ENERGY USED FOR COOKING.
 USED FOR INDOOR LIGHTING.
 USED FOR OUTDOOR LIGHTING.
CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR PANNELS
 Raw silicon is used for the construction of solar panels.

 This process is having four steps:-

 CRYSTAL GROWING.
 WAFERING.
 SOLAR CELL PRODUCTION.
 SOLAR PANNEL ASSEMBLY.

Total Manufacturing Cost per Lantern RS 400

POWER TOWER
ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY:-

 No harmful emissions.
 Reduce health risk.
 Reduce dramatic changes in environment.
 Reduces costs to stabilize the environment.
 Long life time of solar energy systems.
 Sustainable energy.
 Creates new jobs (solar industry has created over 1 lakh new
domestic jobs).
DISADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY

 Sun does not shine consistently.

 Very expensive to built solar power stations.
 Takes up a lot of space for construction.
 Requires other supplement energy (heat , electricity).
 Residential solar power systems cannot be removed once the
installation process is finished. Therefore if u decide to
move,the system will be embedded in the houses roof.
 Cannot generate electricity at night times and during rainy
days.
 Animal life damage.
SOLAR COLLECTORS
SOLAR COLLECTOR SIMPLY SOLAR PANNEL.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLAR COLECTORS
 Flat-plate collectors – The absorbing surface is approximately
as large as the overall collector area that intercepts the sun
rays .
 Concentrating collectors – Large areas of mirrors or lenses focus
the sun light onto a smaller absorber .
SOLAR CONCENTRATOR
 solar concentrator is a device that allows the collection of
sunlight from large area and focusing it on a smaller receiver.
 The cost per unit area of a solar concentrator is therefore much
cheaper than the cost per unit area of a PV material.
 By introducing this concentrator, not only the same amount of
energy could be collected from the sun, the total cost of the
effect of concentrator on the PV cellsolar cell could also be
reduced .
 BENEFITS:-
 Reduce the dependency on silicon cell and increase the
intensity of solar.
 Irradiance, hence increase the cell efficiency.
 Reduce the total cost of the whole system.
DRAWBACKS:-
 Degrade the PV cell lifespan.

 Need to cool down the PV to ensure the performance of the PV

is optimum.
 Mechanical tracking system may required.
 DESIGN OF CONCENTRATOR:-
APPLICATIONS
 WATER DISTILLATION:-
 The solar distiller purifies water by first evaporating and then
condensing it. Distilled water contains no salts, minerals or
organic impurities (used for drinking,hospital use,battery
water).
 SOLAR BOILERS.
 PARABOLIC SOLAR COOKERS.
SOLAR WATER HEATERS
 A Solar Water Heater is a device which provides hot water for
bathing, washing, cleaning, etc. using solar energy.
 It is generally installed at the terrace or where sunlight is
available and heats water during day time which is stored in an
insulated storage tank for use when required including
mornings.
WORKING:-
 A Solar Water Heater comprises of an array of solar collectors to
collect solar energy and an insulated tank to store hot water.
 Both are connected to each other.
 During the day time, water in solar collectors gets heated
which is either pumped or flown automatically on thermo
syphon principle to the storage tank.
 Hot water then stored in the tank can be used for various
applications.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER HEATERS:-
 FPC (FLATE PLATE COLLECTORS)
 ETC (EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTORS)
 Evacuated Tube Collector is made of double layer borosilicate
glass tubes evacuated for providing insulation.
 The outer wall of the inner tube is coated with selective
absorbing material.
ADVANTAGES:-
 Simple to construct and install.
 No or negligible running cost.
 Almost maintenance free.
 Cost is low and economically competitive with electric water
heating system.
 It saves time and high grade form of electric energy.
 Required low temperature up to 100o C can be achieved by
simple flat plate collector.
 DISADVANTAGES:-
 Freezing problem.
 No big problems related to this.
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS , SOLAR
LANTERNS & APPLICATIONS
 Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert sunlight directly into
electricity, and are potentially one of the most useful of the
renewable energy technologies.
 Efficiencies from a few percent up to 20-30%
 No moving parts
 No noise
 Lifetimes of 20-30 years or more.
FUNCTIONALITY
 PN diode
 No illumination
 Diode behavior
 e, h separated
 Illumination
 Incident photons create e-h pairs.
 E field ---> e-h pairs separate.
WORKING AND MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR
CONSTRUCTION:-
SOLAR LANTERNS
 A solar lamp also known as solar light or solar lantern, is a lighting system
composed of an LED lamp, solar panels, battery, charge controller and there
may also be an inverter.
 The lamp operates on electricity from batteries, charged through the use of
solar photovoltaic panel.
 Solar-powered household lighting can replace other light sources like candles
or kerosene lamp. Solar lamps have a lower operating kerosene lamps
because renewable energy from the sun is free, unlike fuel.
 In addition, solar lamps produce no indoor air pollution unlike kerosene
lamps. However, solar lamps generally have a higher initial cost, and are
weather dependent.
 COMPONENTS OF SOLAR LANTERNS:-
 SOLAR PANEL
 BATTERY
 CHARGE CONTROLLER
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS IN STREET
LANTERNS:-
 LANTERNS USED FOR LANDSCAPING:-

TELECOMMUNICATION TOWERS:-
APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR LANTERNS:-

 1)They are used to provide street lighting in rural areas.

 2)In industrial countries solar lanterns are usually used outdoors to
provide lighting in the garden.
 3)Used for driveway.
 4)Marine applications.
 5)Camping applications.
 6)Landscaping.
 7)Parking areas.
APPLICATIONS:-

This mountain hut in a very remote area

of France uses PV to generate power.

Here is a lighthouse along the coast of Eritrea in Africa. Before this PV

system was installed, the Lighthouse relied on bottled gas for power – a
system that required constant maintenance and a permanent staff on site.

PV power for off-shore navigational aids eliminates trips

to and from shore to refill generators with fossil fuels.

Another farm application – keeping animals where they

belong, behind PV-electrified fence chargers
THANK YOU