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‡ What is GSM.
‡ Evolution of GSM.
‡ Fundamental of GSM
‡ Architecture o GSM
‡ Establishment of Network
‡ Fundamental of Radio Propagation
‡ Call flow
 GSM STANDARDS
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The GSM-900 standard is a standard for digital voice transmission in the 900 MHz band. This so
called ³
" includes two sub bands of 25 MHz

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In GSM-1800, 1800 MHz band was allocated for digital mobile telephone services which has
frequency of 75 MHz. This was three times the bandwidth allocated for GSM-900.

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GSM-1900 is the standard for the 1900MHz band. It includes the same network component as the
GSM-900 or GSM-1800. The band width of this standard is 60 MHz.

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The following table will show the channels and carriers of different GSM models
 GSM uses paired radio channels

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 DIFFERENT TYPE OF TECHNOLOGIES USED IN GSM

FD F   
    

In FDMA, signals from various users are assigned different
frequencies. Frequency guard bands are maintained between adjacent
signal spectra to minimize crosstalk between channels.

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In a TDMA system, data from each user is conveyed in time intervals
called ³Time slots´. Several slots make up a frame . Each slot is made
up of a preamble plus information bits addressed to various stations
.the functions of the preamble are to provide identification and incidental
information and to allow synchronization of the slot at the intended
receiver.
 Component groups of a GSM
network
The principle component groups of a GSM
network are:
‡ ! 
 
 
This consists of the mobile telephone, fax
machine etc. This is the part of the network that
the subscriber will see.
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"
This is the part of the network which provides
the radio interconnection from the MS to the
land-based switching equipment.
‡ .
‡ ! # $
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This consists of the Mobile services Switching

Centre (MSC) and its associated system-control
databases and processors together with the
required interfaces. This is the part which
provides for interconnection between the GSM
network and the Public Switched Telephone
Network (PSTN).
‡ ! ' 
   

This enables the network provider to configure

and maintain the network from a central location.
 '"()*+(!,(#|*#!*- .
Mobile services switching center
(MSC) performs the switching functions for all mobile stations located in the
geographical area covered by its assigned BSSs.
Functions of the MSC include .
‡ Management of MSC-BSS signaling Protocol.
‡ Handling location registration and ensuring internetworking between mobile station
and VLR.
‡ Call handling that copes with mobile nature of subscribers.
‡ Exchange of signaling information with other system entities.

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The Home Location Register (HLR) contains the

identities of mobile subscribers, their service parameters, and their location
information.
Function of the HLR include:-
‡ Identity of mobile subscriber
‡ Location information for call routing.
‡ ISDN directory number of mobile station.
×((!'-)'!('#-*|(!*-×)-.

The Visitor Location Register (VLR) contains the subscriber

parameters and location information for all mobile subscribers    located in the geographical
area controlled by that VLR.

Functions of the VLR include :-

‡ Identity of mobile subscriber.

‡ Any temporary mobile subscriber identity (TMSI) allocation.
‡ Location area where the mobile station is registered
‡ Copy of the subscriber data from the HLR.

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The Authentication center (AUC) :

‡ Contains subscriber authentication data called  
% 0

‡ Generates security related parameters needed to authorize service using Ki.
‡ Generates unique data pattern called a cipher key (Kc) needed for encrypting user speech and data.
 
 " 

" .

The BSS is responsible for communicating with mobile stations in cell areas.
One BSC controls one or more BTS¶s and can perform inter-BTS and intra-BTS
handover.

- Each PLMN Should have at least one HLR

- One VLR is connected to several MSC ,but one MSC has one VLR