MEANS OF

KNOWLEDGE
AHMAD SHAFIE BIN MOHD NASIR
ABRAR BIN TAPSIR
AMIRUL HAKIM BIN AZHARI
MUHAMAD AMIRUL AZIZI BIN IHSAK
 TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE
QUR’AN
1) Religious sciences: 6) Economic systems:
2) Physical and Natural Sciences: 7) Prophecies / Stories of former
3) Human and social relations: Prophets and Nations
4) Halal & haram: 8) Political systems:
5) Laws & commandments: 9) History and Civilization:
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE
SUNNAH
• Worship (‘ibadah)
• Halal and haram
• Laws
• Manner of conduct
• Leadership
• Da‘wah
• Nation building and social reformation
The Functions of The Sunnah in
Relation to The Qur’an
• No Islam without the adoption of the Sunnah. An elaboration &
commentary on the Qur’an
• The concrete implementation & actual embodiment of the Qur’an
• May contain some unmentioned rules in the Qur’an
• Allah SWT. says: “And whatsoever the messenger brought to you, follow
it. And whatsoever he forbids, abstain from it” (al-Hashr (59) :7)
• And many times Allah SWT. reminds us in His noble Qur’an to follow
and obey Allah and His messenger (e.g. An-Nisa (4): 59)
 OBJECTIVE PRESENTATION
• THE SENSES ( AL-HAWWAS )
• REASONS/INTELLECT (AL-AQL’ )
• INTUITION (ILHAM )
• TRUE REPORT (KHABAR AL-SADIQ )
 AL-HAWWAS
SENSES AND SENSIBILITIES
 Definition
• Understanding of something using the senses, either by
physical senses (outer) or by inner senses
(instinct),feeling that comes from outer world
 Types
Physical senses Inner senses
• Hear • It is the strength of inner senses
• Sight to accept sign or information
from the common senses which
• Touch has been gathered and stored to
• Smell produce an action
• Feel
 Al-Hawas
• Eyes for seeing
• Ears for hearing
• Qalb for understanding
 QALB

AL-GHAZALI

PHYSICAL
SENSES
 How to take care of our senses
• Purification, discipline (tazkiyat al-nafs) of the body,
physical senses and spiritual heart
• Learning & practicing the Qur’an and Sunnah
• Faculties of internal senses will become acute, sharp and
divinely illumined
AL-AQL’
REASONS
ILHAM
INTUITION
 Intuition (ILHAM)
• Pyscological Intuition: An Intuition that occurs solely from the
persons mental state.
• Shaitanic Intuition: An intuition that occurs due to external dealing
with jinns and devils.
• Heavenly Intuition: An intution that occurs by an external force
either by God or by an angel.
KHABAR AL-SADIQ
TRUE REPORT
 Definition
• Definition : truthful information

• Knowledge attained from scholars who are authorities in

their fields

• Can either the Quran or other types of reports

 Types of truthful information
• Absolute authority
• Relative authority ( mutawatir )
 Truthful information
• Most authoritative information
• Verified independently
• Established by different scholars
• Proven to be correct, accurate and valid
• To avoid taqlid
• Satisfy elements of quranic criterion
 Shaykh al-Islam Ibn
Taymiyah
1)psychological kashf :people may
experience whether when awake or
in their dreams when the soul is less
connected to the body
2) Which is done by outside
forces : such as the jinn who tell the
soothsayers many things.
3) Conveyed by the angels, as is
indicated by the texts and by
rational evidence.
Ibn al-Qayyim
1) Partial kasf : which both
believers and kaafirs, righteous and
immoral, may share.
2)Spiritual kashf : happens to the
close friends (awliya’) of Allaah
who establish sharee’ah and
venerate it
3) Psychological kashf : gut
feelings