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EFFECTS OF HUMAN

ACTIVITIES TO THE
STABILITY OF ECOSYSTEMS
Dynamic equilibrium – despite
environmental changes,
normal ecological processes
can take place without
considerable disruption.
DEFORESTATION
Land classification for 2001 PHILIPPINES

65.60%

19.30%

8.80%

4.20% 2.10%

DIPTEROCRAP MOSSY FORESTS SUBMARGINAL FORESTS PINE FORESTS MANGROVE FORESTS


Series 1
CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES:

 INDISCRIMINATE LOGGING
 SHIFTING CULTIVATION (KAINGIN FARMING)
 FOREST FIRES
 NATURAL CALAMITIES
 CONVERSION TO AGRICULTRAL LAND
 HUMAN SETTLEMENTS (FOREST DWELLERS)
EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION

 Greater erosion
 More floods
 Lessincome for people who livelihood depends on
forest products
 Less
protection of fragile ecosystems from typhoon
winds and rains.
WILDLIFE

Refersto plants and animal


species, both terrestrial and
aquatic , thriving in their natural
habitat. But it includes
microorganism.
COASTAL RESOURCES
Coral reefs
Mangroves
EUTROPHICATION
 Shows an occurrence of “fish kill”. It is an
intriguing and dismal sight: hundreds of dead
fish floating on water surface .
 Ithappens when the concentration of organic
nutrients in bodies of water such as lakes and
estuaries drastically increase.
 The condition causes algae and aquatic
plants to grow profusely.
ACID PRECIPITATION

 Pure water is neither acidic nor basic; it is neutral, which means


that it has a Ph of 7. on the other hand rain water is generally
acidic, about ph 5.6 because of carbon dioxide normally present
in the air as well as air pollutants.

POLLUTANTS:
 Compounds of sulfur
 Compounds of nitrogen
WHAT DO WE NEED?

UNITY!
SUSTAINABLE ETHICS
AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
“A sustainable society lives within the
carrying capacity of the environment”.
This means that the rate at which those
resources are regenerated .
Conservation of resources
Recycling of materials
Regeneration of renewable
resources
Restoration of damaged
ecosystems
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
 Presidential
decree no. 1152 (otherwise known as the
Philippine environmental codes) gives the
governments management policy on wildlife . It states
that the government shall pursue a system of careful
use and conservation of wildlife resources.
 Republic act no. 758 (otherwise known as the National
Integrated Protected Areas System act of 1992 or
NIPAS). It provides for the establishment and
management of national integrated protected areas
system, to include “biological important public lands
that are habitats of rare and endangered species of
plants and animals, biogeographic zones and related
ecosystems, whether terrestrial , wetland, marine.”
 Republic act no. 428 amended by Republic act no. 1538 – law
that declares as illegal the use, possession, sale, or destruction of
fish and other aquatic animals by means of dynamite, explosives
or other toxic substances.
 Republic act no. 1533 amended by Republic act no. 4003; and
Presidential decree no. 704 amended by Presidential decree no.
1058 – laws increasing the penalty for the use of explosives in
fishing to capital punishment .
 Republic act no. 6147 – law declaring the Philippine Eagle, also
known as monkey-eating Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyii), as
protected bird in the Philippines, providing for the preservation of
the same and authorizing the appropriation of funds for the
purpose, it prohibits the hunting of the eagle as well as the
collection of its eggs and destruction of its habitat.
 Presidential decree no. 389 amended by Presidential
decree no. 705 (otherwise known as the forestry
reform code) which revises ad updates all forestry
laws in the Philippines.
 Presidentialdecree no. 330 and Presidential decree
no. 953 – laws that penalize illegal cutting of trees, this
means that you cannot just cut down tree; you have
to have a government permit for that.
 Presidential decree no.953 and Presidential decree
no. 1153 – laws on tree planting
 Presidential
decree no. 331- law requiring all forests to
be developed on a sustainable yield basis.

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