ICAO, Atmosphere Standard

Day 5: Unsurya 2015

Teknik Pengukuran Terbang
Division of Atmosphere
 Troposphere

• In Contact With The Earth, The Warmest

• Create the Earth Weather Syatem
• The Intense of Water Vapour, Associated
with Strong Air Currents, Leads to Clouds
and Precipitation, Thunderstorms
• Strong Contrast Between Troposphere and
Stratosphere Generate the Very powerful
Winds Called Jet Streams, also Called
Earth’s Air Mass
 Stratosphere

• Stratosphere is a 15 km, 50 000 feet Layer

, Temperature Increases to 0 C
• No Water Vapour, No Vertical Air Currents
• Main characteristic of the Stratosphere is
the Ultraviolet Shield, It Contains The
Ozone Layer.
• Stratospheric Warming Occurs as this
Layer Absorbs the Ultraviolet Rays from
the Sun.
 Mesosphere

• The Only Significant Characteristic: Rarity

of Ozone and Consequently its Minimum
Temperature of about -80 C,
• 80 km from the Earth's surface. This is the
lowest temperature ever recorded in the
atmosphere.
• It is also in this layer that meteorites burn
up as they come into contact with the
atmosphere.
 Thermosphere

• Air molecules are rare in this layer, which

is why the Sun's rays strike with such
force and temperatures can theoretically
rise to enormous levels.
 ICAO Standard Atmosphere

• Data available for the first 20 km of the

atmosphere
• Basis of average altitude, pressure and
temperature conditions at 40 north
latitude.
 ICAO Standard Atmosphere

• Values of particular significance are:

– MSL pressure: 1013 hectopascals (hPa or mb)
– MSL Temperature: 15ºC
– rate of decrease of temperature with height
(lapse rate) in the troposphere: 6.5ºC per km
(2ºC per 1000 feet)
– height of the tropopause: 11 kilometres
(36,000 feet) above MSL
– temperature of the tropopause: -56.5ºC
Thermodynamics Properties of Atmosphere
Thermodynamics Properties of Atmosphere

• Main Thermodynamics Parameters:

Pressure & Temperature
• Air Rises: Pressure & Temperature Go
Down, Volume.....
• Air Descends: Pressure & Temperature Go
Up, Volume.....
• Vertical Air Movement Plays Role of
Weather Changes: Cloud Formation
 ICAO Atmospheric Pressure

• Pressure Distribution in the Atmosphere

Controls the Winds and, weather
phenomena such as cloud and
precipitation
• Atmospheric pressure is measured with
.......The simplest: Consists of a Vertical
Tube of Mercury
 ICAO Atmospheric Pressure

• We can Easily Determine its Hydrostatic

Pressure, simply by Comparing
Atmospheric Pressure to the Pressure of
Mercury.
• In the world of aviation it is the
hectopascal (hPa) that is used to express
atmospheric pressure. This unit has the
same value as the MilliBar, the former unit
ICAO Atmospheric Pressure:
Station & MSL Pressure
 ICAO Atmospheric Pressure:
Satation & MSL Pressure

• Atmospheric pressure at the elevation of the

station, measured with a barometer.
• How can we determine the pressure at different
elevations? Based on MSL pressure, since
pressure reaches its maximum at this level.
• We need to know its exact elevation and to
determine the mean temperature between this
elevation and sea level.
• The Importance of altimeter setting and mean
sea level (MSL) pressure.
ICAO Atmospheric Pressure:
Constant Pressure Chart