Group Members

Muhammad Umar (25)

Rauf Hussain (13)
Muhammad Ismaeel (17)
Zahid Hussain (63)
 Renewable Energy
 Renewable energy is energy which is generated
from natural sources i.e. sun, wind, rain, tides and can
be generated again and again as and when required.
 They are available in plenty and by far most the
cleanest sources of energy available on this planet.
For eg: Energy that we receive from the sun can be
used to generate electricity. Similarly, energy from
wind, geothermal, biomass from plants, tides can be
used this form of energy to another form.
Non-Renewable Energy
 Non-Renewable energy is energy which is taken from
the sources that are available on the earth in limited
quantity and will vanish fifty-sixty years from now.
 Non-renewable sources are not environmental friendly
and can have serious affect on our health.
 They are called non-renewable because they cannot
be re-generated within a short span of time. Non-
renewable sources exist in the form of fossil fuels,
natural gas, oil and coal.
 NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

A nonrenewable resource is a natural resource that

cannot be re-made or re-grown at a scale
comparable to its consumption.
 The sun, wind, geothermal, ocean energy are
available in the abundant quantity and free to use.

 The non-renewable sources of energy that we are

using are limited and are bound to expire one day.

 Renewable sources have low carbon emissions,

therefore they are considered as green and
environment friendly.
Conventional energy sources are:
 (a) Fossil fuel energy

 (b) Hydraulic energy

 (c) Nuclear energy

(a) Fossil fuel energy
 Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are called Fossil

fuel as these are formed by the decomposition of

the remains of dead plants and animals buried
under the earth for a long time.
 These are non-renewable sources of energy,

which, if exhausted, can not be replenished in a

short time. Their reserves are limited and are
considered very precious. These should be used
with care and caution to let them last long. These
are also contributing to the global environmental
pollution.
(ii). Petroleum
 It is a dark colored, viscous and foul smelling

crude oil.

 The petroleum means rock oil. It is normally

found under the crust of earth trapped in rocks.
The crude oil is a complex mixture of several
solid liquid gaseous hydrocarbons mixed with
water, salt and earth particles. It is a natural
product obtained from oil wells.
(iii) Natural gas
 It consists about 95% Methane and rest ethane
and propane.
 It occurs deep under the crust of the earth

either alone or a long with oil above the

petroleum deposits. It is a product of
petroleum mining.
(c) Nuclear energy
 According to modern theories of atomic
structure, matter consists of minute particles
known as atoms. Heavier unstable atoms such
as U235,Th239, liberate large amount of heat
energy. The energy released by the complete
fission of one Kg of Uranium (U235), is equal
to the heat energy obtained by burning 4500
tonnes of coal (or) 220 tons of oil.
 What waste do fossil fuels produce?
 Burning fossil fuels creates waste products that can
act as pollutants and have harmful environmental
effects.
 Carbon dioxide – This greenhouse gas is the main
waste product of burning fossil fuels. Increased levels
of carbon dioxide due to human activities are thought
to be connected with global warming.
 Sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides – These gaseous
pollutants contribute to the formation of smog and
acid rain.
 Ash – This waste solid is disposed of in landfill sites.
What is the greenhouse effect?
 Without Green House effect -
 Without it, the Earth’s average temperature
would be a chilling -18 0C.
 Then life on Earth would probably have never

emerged from the sea.

 Thanks to the greenhouse effect, however, heat

emitted from the Earth is trapped in the

atmosphere, providing us with a comfortable
average temperature of 14 0C.
But when man makes it increase uncontrolled...
 RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources are natural resources that
can be replenished in a short period of time.

● Solar ● Geothermal
● Wind ● Biomass
● Water
 Non-Conventional Energy Sources
 The sources of energy which are being
produced continuously in nature and are in
exhaustible are called renewable sources of
energy (or) non-conventional energy.
 Some of these sources are:
 (a) Wind energy
 (b) Tidal energy
 (c) Solar energy
 Wind energy
 Winds are caused because of two factors.
 1. The absorption of solar energy on the earth’s
surface and in the atmosphere.
 2. The rotation of the earth about its axis and its
motion around the Sun.
 A wind mill converts the kinetic energy of
moving air into Mechanical energy that can be
either used directly to run the Machine or to run
the generator to produce electricity.
 Tidal Energy
 Tides are generated primarily by the
gravitational attraction between the earth
and the Moon. They arise twice a day in
Mid-Ocean.
 Basically in a tidal power station water at
high tide is first trapped in a artificial basin
and then allowed to escape at low tide.
 The escaping water is used to drive water
turbines, which in turn drive electrical
generators.
 Solar energy
 Energy from the sun is called solar energy. The
Sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusion
reaction that take place deep in the Sun.
Hydrogen nucleus fuse into helium nucleus.
The energy from these reactions flow out from
the sun and escape into space
Can we combine two or more energies and use?

• Yes

E.g.
We can combine wind and Solar energies and
Stored in a batteries (DC) then converted into AC
After that we use.

That kind of system or method called Hybrid

Energy System
Hybrid Energy Systems

A combination of different
energy sources available
and balances the system
which provides the stable
output from sources.
Hybrid Energy Systems