Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Permanent
Maxillary Anterior
Teeth
Prof. Dr. Naglaa Bahgat Nagy
Tooth Grouping
Anterior teeth:
Incisors (central & lateral).
Canine.
Posterior teeth:
Premolars (1st & 2nd ).
Molars (1st & 2nd & 3rd )
Characteristic Features of All
Incisors
(Maxillary & Mandibular)
• In each arch, there are four incisors (two incisors in each
quadrant). They are located in the front of the mouth. The
first incisor (the central incisor) is next to the midline. The
second incisor (the lateral incisor) is distal to it.
• Incisors are single-rooted teeth with a relatively sharp thin
blade-like crowns .
• Their incisal surfaces (the incisal ridges/edges) are designed
to cut food without the application of heavy forces. Incisor
means “that which makes an incision, or cut”.
• Their labial and lingual (palatal) surface are trapezoidal with
the shortest uneven side located cervically.
• Their proximal surfaces (mesial & distal) are triangular in
shape with the base of the triangle located cervically.
Characteristic Features of
Maxillary Incisors (Central &
Lateral)
• Maxillary incisors by definition arise in the pre-maxilla (which is
merged into the maxilla in humans).
Chronology.
Morphology of its:
Labial Surface.
Palatal (lingual) Surface.
Mesial Surface.
Distal Surface.
Incisal Surface (Ridge &Edge).
calcification
UNIVERSAL 8 9
PALMER 1| |1
FDI 11 21
Morphology of Permanent
Maxillary Central Incisor
“The Right Side”
1
1
FD
I
Dimensions of Maxillary Central
Incisor
Morphology
(Surface & Outlines)
1. Labial (Buccal) Aspect.
3. Mesial Aspect.
4. Distal Aspect.
5. Incisal Aspect.
1. The Labial Aspect
Crown Surface:
Trapezoidal (shortest cervically).
Slightly convex (in all directions) crest at cervical third).
Two labial developmental grooves .
Imbrication lines (incremental lines)
Incisal Ridges (mamelons).
(a). Crown Outlines:
1. Mesial outline:
Almost straight or slightly convex.
Crest of curvature at the incisal third.
The mesio-labial incisal angel is a sharp right angle.
1. Distal outline:
More convex than the mesial outline.
Crest approaches the junction of middle and incisal thirds.
The disto-labial incisal angel is more rounded than the
mesial one.
1. Incisal outline:
Almost straight mesio-distally.
Mamelons in newly erupted (incisal ridge & incisal edge).
1. Cervical outline:
Convex root wise.
(b). Root Surface:
• It is cone shaped with a blunt apex.
The Labial Outlines
The Mesial, Incisal, Distal & Cervical Outlines
Lingual Surface:
Trapezoidal (the shortest is located cervically).
Convex, concave, slightly convex.
The lingual aspect presents a distinctive lingual fossa
that is bordered by mesial and distal marginal ridges,
the incisal ridge and the prominent cingulum at the
cervical third.
Mesial & Distal Outlines:
Mesial and distal outlines are the reverse of those
found on the labial surface.
The Root:
The root tapers lingually.
It is much narrower lingually than labially.
3. Mesial Aspect:
• The Crown:
– Triangular in shape.
– The incisal ridge is on line with the center of the
root.
– Location of the oval contact area.
Cervico-incisally in the incisal third.
Labio-palatally, in the center
The Crown Outlines:
– Labial outline:
• Convex.
• Crest of curvature on the cervical third.
– Palatal (lingual) outline:
• Convex at the cingulum.
• Concave at the mesial marginal ridge.
• Slightly convex at the incisal ridge.
– Cervical outline:
• Concave root wise.
– Incisal outline:
• In newly erupted teeth, it is rounded.
• In teeth with occlusal wear, it is straight and
slops cervically from labial to palatal.
• The root:
– Cone shaped.
– Labial outline is straighter than the palatal
– The apex is blunt.
4. Distal Aspect:
• Distal Surface:
mesially.
5. The incisal Aspect:
The incisal aspect is roughly triangular in shape.
mandibular molars).
distally. D M
The incisal ridge is centered over the root.
labial surfaces.
Morphology of the Pulp
Cavity:
• The pulp is the soft connective tissue that has the
nerves and the blood supply of the tooth.
• Frequently , the pulp chamber has three pulp horns.
• In nearly all maxillary central incisors, there is only one
root, one canal and one foramen.
• At the level of the cervical line, the shape of the canal is
triangular but becomes circular at the middle level of
the root.
• Although the root canal is generally straight, the most
common points of curvature is near the apex, and their
direction is more common toward the distal and lingual.