Oleh :

Arwan Apriyono

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK SIPIL JURUSAN TEKNIK

FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNIK UNSOED
TAHUN 2012
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Material tanah berdasarkan Formasi geologi terbagi menjadi 3
jenis yaitu batuan dasar (bedrock), butiran kasar (debris) dan butiran
halus (Earth Soil).
Gerakan tanah berdasarkan tipe gerakan dan materialnya
diklasifikasikan sebagai berikut ini (Varnes, 1978).

Type Of Material
Type of Movement
Bedrock coarse grain fine grain
Falls Rock fall Debris fall Earth fall
Topples Rock topple Debris topple Earth topple
Rotational Slide Rock slump Debris slump Earth slump
Translasional Slide Rock Slide Debris Slide Earth Slide
Lateral Spreads Rock Spread Debris Spread Earth Spread
Flows Rock Flow (Deep Creep) Debris Flow (Soil Creep) Earth Flow (Soil Creep)
Complex Combination of two or more
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FALL (jatuhan) TOPPLE (ambrukan) SLUMP (Longsoran)

SLIDE(Luncuran) CREEP (Rayapan) FLOW (aliran)

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Slope Movement Scale (Varnes, 1978)

Rate Definition Term

> 3 m/s Extremly Rapid
> 3 m/min Very Rapid
> 1.5 m/day Rapid
> 1.5 m/month Moderate
> 1.5 m/year Slow
> 0.006 m/year Very Slow
< 0.006 m/year Extremly Slow
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Carson and Kirkby (1972) Proposed the classification of
slope movements based on water of sliding mass and velocity :

Flow
Wet Fast

Debris

Mud Flow

Earth Flow

Landslide
Dry
Slow
Rockslide

Slide Heave
Fast Slow
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The Main causative Factor of Landslide

(Anagnostopoulos, 2005)

1. Climatic Conditon
2. Topography
3. Lithology, distribution of soil and rock formation
4. Tectonic Activity
5. Vegetation
6. Human Activities
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Causes of Landslide
 Rainfall or Storm Rainfall  Raising of ground water level
 Construction Works  Earthwork, Cutting, Filling, Tunnel
Construction
 Reservoir Induced Landslide  The rising and drawdown of
reservoir level
 Earthquake  Horisontal acceleration
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Rainfall – Storm Rainfall

 The magnitute of the absolute amount of annual rainfall is
not always related to the occurrence rate of landslide
 The Occurance rate of landslide related to difference factor
such as lithology-gelogy, topography, vegetation, human
interfere, amount of rainfall vs duration of the event.
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Rainfall – Storm Rainfall
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Rainfall – Storm Rainfall
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Groundwater Level And Landslide

Movement
 Many report presented about correlation between rainfall and
the groundwater level in the landslide site, and the relationship
between groundwater and landslide displacement
 Watari describes that there is a close relationship between the
water level of ponds and landslide movement in takizaka
landslide
 Tanaguchi performed soil mechanic analysis on the
groundwater level and the landslide movement velocity in
kamiya landslide
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Groundwater Level And Landslide Movement

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Landslide Due To Contruction Works

 There are many landslide cases cause by large scale cutting

and filling associated with construction of road, tunnel or large
scale land developments.
 Most of these landslide could have been avoided if a detailed
study had been done and appropriate preventive measures
based on the result of the detailed stude had been taken
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Landslide Due To Contruction Works
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Landslide Due To Contruction Works
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Reservoir Induced Landslide

 The countermeasures of landslides around dam reservoir have

been carried out to date, especially after the occurrence of
landslide at the Vaiont Dam in Italy 1963 that resulted in 2,600
deaths.
 The reservoir-induced landslides include those occuring with the
rise of reservoir level and those occuring with rapid drawdown of
the reservoir level.
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Reservoir Induced Landslide
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Reservoir Induced Landslide
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Reservoir Induced Landslide