MUNESEN SUKUMARAN (1103151012)

VINETHA LINGAM (1103151019)

KUKUNESWARY RAMAN (1103151015)

MS.PREETI
• Wherever practicable, synthetic methods should be
designed to use and generate substances that possess
little or no toxicity to human health and the environment.
• The goal is to reduce the hazard of the chemicals that
are used to make a product.
• Synthetic methodologies should be designed to use
and generate substances that possess little or no
toxicity to human health and environment.
• Some toxic chemicals are replaced by safer ones for a
green technology.
 Polycarbonate Synthesis: Phosgene Process

Disadvantages
 phosgene is highly toxic, corrosive
 requires large amount of CH2Cl2
 polycarbonate contaminated with Cl impurities
Polycarbonate Synthesis: Solid-State Process

HO OH
O

+ * O O n *
O O

Advantages
 diphenylcarbonate synthesized without phosgene
 eliminates use of CH2Cl2
 higher-quality polycarbonates
 Synthesis of adipic acid - Traditional synthesis

Disadvantages
 Required in large quantities for synthesis of nylon and lubricants
 Adipic acid from benzene causes environmental and health problems.
 Nitrous oxide is generated as by-product which causes greenhouse effect.
 Synthesis of adipic acid - Greener synthesis

Advantages
 D-glucose (renewable source) as starting material.
 The synthesis is conducted in water instead of organic solvents.
 Coagulation-Alum
• Mechanism 1. Alum [Al2(SO4)3nH2O]
* Al2(SO4)3nH2O 2Al3+ + 3SO42- + nH2O
Disadvantage:
*harmful effect on human health (Alzheimer’s disease)
*production of huge amount of non-biodegradable sludge. For example,
let’s say a small plant runs at a million gallons a day, feeding 25 parts of alum
on a wet basis. That means they’re putting in 208.5 pounds of alum, but 101 of
those pounds are merely wasted solids that the plant must deal with every
single day. Over the course of a month, that’s 3,000 pounds. And over a year
that’s almost a full truckload of extra weight due to just the alum.
*To treat excessively dirty water, simply increasing the alum isn’t going to do
anything. For example, to treat muddy water like that from the Mississippi, even
250 parts of alum isn’t going to cut it. Alum just doesn’t work in very dirty water.
 Coagulation-Alum
• ECOTAN is presented as a range of coagulants, multifunctional and
flocculants composed of natural extracts extracted from plants, algae or
animals.
• ECOTAN is based on polymers of natural origin, mainly polysaccharides,
substances soluble in water from materials of vegetable or animal origin that
act as coagulation and / or flocculation agents. In addition, some of these
products have antimicrobial properties, so they reduce or eliminate the
content of pathogenic microorganisms susceptible to disease.
• The coagulating, multifunctional and natural flocculating agents of the
ECOTAN series are environmentally friendly compared to organic and
inorganic agents due to their high degree of biodegradability.
Advantages:
• ECOTAN organic products that don´t contribute metals neither to water nor
to mud. So it´s encourage the valorization of the mud for agricultural use.
• ECOTAN products don´t provide salts, so the conductivity of the effluent
isn´t increased. So it´s encourage the reuse of water.
• They are 100% effective products in a range of pH 4-10.
• ECOTAN don´t modify the pH of the treated water, so it isn´t necessary to
use alkalizing products such as sodium or calcium hydroxide.
• Eliminate the use of flocculants (multifunctional products),
improve quality and reduce the volume of sludge, reducing waste
management costs, prolong life useful machinery and pipes and
allow the reuse of water.
• They are safer products for people; they aren´t corrosive or
dangerous products.
• Eco-friendly products, ECOTAN products are of natural origin and
sustainable throughout their life cycle.

• Source: SERVYECO
• Green chemistry is NOT a solution to all environmental
problems BUT the most fundamental approach of
reducing wastematerial, hazard, risk, energy and cost.
THANK YOU ...