Internal Combustion Engines

and Air Compressors

Class Approval Requirements

 SCOPE
 Rules apply to internal combustion engines for:
• Main Propulsion Units (M/E)
• Auxiliary Units (A/E)
• Air Compressors
 In this rules: internal comb engine is DIESEL
ENGINE
 For LNG ships: additional rules apply with
respect to Vol IX sect 16
 AMBIENT CONDITION
Ambient conditions to be used in determining
power of engines used onboard:
 Barometric Pressure 1000 mbar
 Suction air temp 45 C
 Relative humidity 60%
 Seawater temp for cooling 32 C

The above parameters are to be agreed and used as

a standard among Eng Maker, Owner, Shipyard,
and Class for measuring and examining the
engine performance on board
RATED POWER
Diesel engine are to be
capable of:
 Continuous operation
within area (1)
 Short period operation /
overload within area (2)
 Overload power is 110%
rated power at its
corresponding speed within
area (3) for 1 hour
uninterrupted period.
 Any deviation from the
above shall need class
approval
 DOCUMENTS FOR APPROVAL
 For each engine, the drawings and documents
shall, whenever applicable, be submitted by the
engine maker for approval (A) and information
(I) as per table documents for approval.
 For engine manufactured under license, the
documents and drawing from the licensee and
licensor for comparison, incl. any modification
made, and declaration of consent from licensor.
 A complete set drawing shall be delivered to the
local surveyor for the tests and inspection
APPROVED
MATERIAL
 The mechanical
characteristic of
materials used for
diesel engine
components must
conform the
Society’s Rules
Materials
 The approved
materials for
various
components are as
shown on the table
2.3.
 MATERIAL TESTS
for cyl bore <300 mm: for cyl bore >400 mm:
Crankshaft Crankshaft
In case of individually Connecting rod Crankshaft coupling flange
produced engines, parts Welded plates Crankshaft coupling bolts
are to be individually tested
(as seen on table) Welded frames and Pistons
Crankcase Piston rods
Welded entablatures Connecting rods
For mass product engines Tie rod Crossheads
 Type of tests to be carried Cylinder liner
out in accordance with the for cyl bore 300 to 400 mm: Cylinder cover
Society’s “Regulations for
mass Produced Engines” Crankshaft Welded plates
Connecting rod Welded frames
 For the performance test,
the engine to be equipped Cylinder liner Welded entablatures
with all prescribed items of Cylinder covers Tie rods
equipment. If cannot fully Welded plates Exhaust gas turbocharger
equipped with the Welded frames and Bolts and studs
requirements, the Crankcase Camshaft drive gearwheels
equipment may then be Welded entablatures and chain wheel
demonstrated on another Tie rod
engine of the same series Bolts and studs
SCOPE OF APPROVAL TESTS
A. Internal Test
Functional test and collecting operational values including
test hours during internal test, which are to be presented
to the society during Type Test.
B. Type test
The test to be performed in the presence of the Society’s
representative
C. Component Inspection
Operating hours of the Component to be presented for
inspection after Type Testing

D. Dock trial & Sea trial

 A. INTERNAL TEST:

 Rated loads of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 110% of

maximum rated power
 For ME: along the propeller load
 For AE: at rated rpm with constant governor setting
 Proving limit points of the permissible operating range defined
by the engine maker
 Emergency Operating test
 Operating in turbocharger to be blocked or removed (for engine
with 1 turbocharger)
 Operating in damaged turbocharger is shut-off (for engine with 2
turbocharger)
WORK TEST (PERFORMANCE TESTS)
 To examine engine performance before delivered to the
yard for on-board installation (on engine test-bed of
engine manufacturer)
 For > 100 KW done individually
 Shall be witnessed by Class Surveyor & Engine
Manufacturer & Engine Buyer (optional)
 Record of Engine Performance on work test is to be
the reference of onboard test (proven output-power of
the engine)
 Ambient condition of air and seawater, fuel, and Lub
oil, used during test to be recorded for reference if any
difference with onboard condition
 B. TYPE TEST
 Load Points test
 Rated Power
 100% Power
 Max permissible torque
 Min permissible rpm
 Part load operation
 Emergency Operating
Test
 As per on Internal Test
 Functional Test
 Lowest rpm acc to prop
load
 Starting test & reversing
test
 Governor test
 Safety device tests
― Over speed shutdown
device
― Over heat of cooling
shutdown device
― Low Press of LO
shutdown device
 C. COMPONENT INSPECTION

Done after the test run of one cyl (in-line eng) & two cyl’s
(for V-line eng) for the following components:
 Piston (removed and dismantled)

 Crosshead bearing (dismantled)

 Crank bearing and main bearing (dismantled)

 Cylinder liner (in the installed condition)

 Cylinder head (valves disassembled)

 Control gear, camshaft, and crankcase (with opened

covers)
 PERFORMANCE TESTS
 Work Trials (known
as Shop-test)
Engines are to be subjected
to trials on the test bed at
the maker’s workshop
under the Society’s
supervision
 Sea Trial (onboard)
Engine is tested for its on-
board performance in
relation to propulsion
system
Parameters to be recorded:
 Rated Rpm
 Rated Torque & Power
 FOC and SFOC
 Cooling temp
 LO press & LO temp
 Exhaust gas temp
 Ambient air temp & humidity
 Compression press &
combustion press
 etc
 SCOPE OF WORK TEST
1. 100% rated power @ 100%
rated rpm:
at least 60 minutes after reaching
steady state conditions
2. 110% rated power at rated
rpm (abt 103%):
at least 45 minutes after reaching
steady state conditions
3. Progressive Load Test (90%,
75%, 50%, 25%)
in accordance with propeller load.
4. Starting & Reversing maneuver
Test
5. Governor Test and Independent
Over-speed Protection Tests
6. Test of Engine Shut-down
Device / Safety Device Tests
 Over speed shutdown device
 Over heat of cooling shutdown
device
 Low Press of LO shutdown
device
SCOPE OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE
TEST ON SEA TRIAL
1. Engine running at rated engine speed (at least 4 hours
uninterrupted period)  called as endurance test
2. Engine running at engine speed corresponding to
normal cruise power (at least 2,5 hours)
3. At minimum on-load speed
4. Starting and reversing maneuver
5. In reverse direction of propeller direction at
minimum 70% rated speed (min 10 minutes)
6. Functional tests of monitoring systems and safety
devices systems
 SAFETY DEVICES
1. Speed control and protection
against engine over speed
 Back-up systems for governors
 Reliability measures (max 20%
difference of rated speed)
2. Cylinder over pressure
warning device
 Max 40% above combustion
pressure
 Using control valves or audible
& visible control devices
3. Crank case airing and venting
 Able to extracting LO vapor
 Max negative press 2,5 bar
4. Crank case safety devices
 Safety valves fitted for max 0,2
bar over pressure
 Warning system in ECR
5. Starting air system safety
devices
 Non-return valve fitted on
each line for preventing back
press
 Flame arrestors fitted directly
in front of starting valve or
main starting air line
6. LO system safety devices
 Warning system and auto-
stop device against LO low
press
7. Scavenge manifolds safety
devices (for 2-stroke
engines)
8. Overheat safety device
 Warning system and auto-
stop device against overheat
of cooling