Complication of

pregnancy

By: Aljames I. Dadung

SN, DOSCST
 PRETERM LABOR

 occurs after the twentieth week and prior to

the thirty-seventh week of gestation.

Signs and symptoms:
 Persistent backache

 Feeling of pelvic pressure

Diagnosis
 vaginal examination for cervical dilation and
FHTs. + Nitrazine test
Nitrazine test
 This test is done to ascertain the nature of

fluid in the vagina during pregnancy

especially when premature rupture of
membranes (PROM) is suspected.
Prescription
 Betamethasone- given to mature fetal
lungs, tocolytics (medications to halt
preterm labor).
Client teaching for self-care:

 bed rest
 left-side lying is preferred
 Void every 2 hours
 Drink 8–12 glasses of water
 Avoid heavy lifting
 Prohibit sexual activity
 PREGNANCY-INDUCED
HYPERTENSION (PIH)

 Preeclampsia: the period before

seizures occur
 Eclampsia: generalized seizure.
 HELLP Syndrome (hemolysis,
elevated liver enzymes, and low
platelet count)
Precipitating factors:

 Primigravida, age under 20 or over 40,

grand multipara, multiple gestation.

Signs and Symptoms

 Hypertension
 Proteinuria
 Edema
 Epigastric pain
 visual or cerebral disturbances
 Hyperreflexia
Prescription

 Bed rest
 Diet high in protein
 moderate sodium
 Antihypertensives
 Anticonvulsants
 PLACENTA PREVIA
 Attachment of placenta in the lower uterine
segment
Precipitating factors:

 Previous history of placenta previa

 Multiparity
 Previous cesarean section(s)
 Increasing maternal age and
 Cocaine use and smoking during pregnancy
Signs and Symptoms

 Painless vaginal bleeding occurring in the

third trimester; bleeding is bright red

Diagnosis

 Ultrasound demonstrates location of

placenta
Prescription

 bed rest with bathroom privileges

 no vaginal examinations

 typed and cross-matched for transfusion

 cesarean section if complete placenta previa

Client teaching for self-care

 Assist the family in planning bed rest at

home to minimize activity

 Teach the client and family about the

signs and symptoms that must be

reported immediately
 ABRUPTIO PLACENTA
 Premature separation of the normally
implanted placenta.
 Increased risk of developing disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Precipitating factors:

 Hypertension and cocaine use

 Higher maternal age and parity

 Smoking

 Abdominal trauma
Signs and Symptoms

 Dark bleeding or bleeding that may not be

observed due to concealed bleed

 Severe abdominal pain

 Uterus is hard to touch

Prescription

 Immediate cesarean section, Intravenous

fluids, client may require blood transfusions

RH INCOMPATIBILITY
Etiology

 The Rh- woman usually does not have

problems with Rh incompatibility in the
first pregnancy with an Rh+ fetus, but
becomes sensitized in the following delivery
and will have problems in all subsequent
pregnancies with an Rh+ fetus.
Signs and Symptoms

 Fetal hydrops

 Hyperbilirubinemia

 Fetal death

Diagnosis
 Blood tests
Prescription

 Administer Rh immune globulin as ordered

prenatally and within 72 hours of birth

 DYSTOCIA

 Difficult delivery
 Labor may be long and painful
Etiology

 Difficult presentation
 Oversized fetus,
 Small pelvis,
 Low-lying placenta,
 Cephalopelvic disproportionment (CPD)
Precipitating factors

 The client may be a very young

primigravida or one with no prenatal care.

Signs and symptoms :
 Failure to progress despite adequate time
Diagnosis
 Pelvimetry, ultrasound
Prescription
 May require a cesarean section
Thank You
For
Listening