CLIMATE

CHANGE
Tanpo. Tare. Tio. Tiu. Velasco
State of Climate Change Around The
World
● Global climate change has already had observable effects on the
environment.
● Predicted effects from before are already seen today.
Global temperatures will continue to rise due to the greenhouse
gases made by humans.
● Scientists have high confidence that global temperatures will
continue to rise for decades to come, largely due to greenhouse
gases produced by human activities.
● Over the next century, temperature is expected to rise by 2.5 to
10 degrees Fahrenheit.
● Effects on individual regions will vary over time and with the
ability of different societal and environmental systems to
mitigate or adapt to change.
State of Climate Change Around The
World
● Net annual costs will increase over time as global temperatures
increase.
● Global mean temperature increase of less that 1.8 to 5.4 degrees
Fahrenheit is predicted to produce beneficial and harmful
impacts.
● IPCC states that net damage costs of climate change are likely
to increase over time according to the range of published
evidence
● Future Effects:
- Temperatures will start to rise
- Frost-free seasons and growing seasons will lengthen
- Changes in precipitation patterns
- More droughts and heat
- Hurricanes will become stronger and more intense
State of Climate Change in the
Philippines
● The country is vulnerable to extreme weather but with climate
change, has experienced more violent ones.
● 20 tropical cyclones enter Philippine waters per year with 8 or
9 making landfall
● Storms become more often and more severe.
● Global Climate Risk Index 2015 listed the Philippines as the
number one most affected country by climate change.
● The Philippines is located in the western Pacific Ocean,
surrounded by naturally warm waters that will likely get warmer.
Other natural factors, like regional wind patterns or currents
and the country’s lack of natural barriers can also increase the
risk of tropical storms.
● Geography again plays a role here, as these factors affect
different areas of the country differently, due to their unique
What is Climate Change?
- significant, long-term
changes in the global
climate.
- Global climate is the long-
term distribution of heat
and precipitation on
Earth’s surface. Heat from
the sun keeps the Earth’s
average temperature at
about 60°F (16°C), within a
range that allows for
biological life and
maintains the planet’s
life-sustaining reservoirs
What is Climate Change?
"Climate change means a change of climate which is
attributed directly or indirectly to human activity
that alters the composition of the global atmosphere
and which is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time periods.”

-United Nations
Framework
Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC)
What is Climate Change?
“Climate change is one of the most fundamental
challenges ever to confront humanity. Its adverse
impacts are already being seen and may intensify
exponentially over time if nothing is done to reduce
further emissions of greenhouse gases. “

-Philippine Atmospheric
Geophysical and
Astronomical Services
Administration
(PAGASA)
Causes of Climate Change
- Humans are increasingly
influencing the climate
and the earth's
temperature by burning
fossil fuels, cutting
down rainforests and
farming livestock.
- This adds enormous
amounts of greenhouse
gases to the atmosphere,
increasing the greenhouse
effect and global
Greenhouse Gases
Some gases in the Earth's atmosphere act a bit like
the glass in a greenhouse, trapping the sun's heat and
stopping it from leaking back into space.

Many of these gases occur naturally, but human

activity is increasing the concentrations of some of
them in the atmosphere, in particular:

● carbon dioxide (CO2)

● methane
● nitrous oxide
● fluorinated gases
Greenhouse Gases
CO2 is the greenhouse gas most commonly produced by
human activities and it is responsible for 64% of man-
made global warming. Its concentration in the
atmosphere is currently 40% higher than it was when
industrialisation began.

Other greenhouse gases are emitted in smaller

quantities, but they trap heat far more effectively
than CO2, and in some cases are thousands of times
stronger. Methane is responsible for 17% of man-made
global warming, nitrous oxide for 6%.
Causes for Rising Emissions
● Burning coal, oil and gas produces carbon dioxide and
nitrous oxide.
● Cutting down forests (deforestation). Trees help to
regulate the climate by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere.
So when they are cut down, that beneficial effect is lost
and the carbon stored in the trees is released into the
atmosphere, adding to the greenhouse effect.
● Increasing livestock farming. Cows and sheep produce large
amounts of methane when they digest their food.
● Fertilisers containing nitrogen produce nitrous oxide
emissions.
● Fluorinated gases produce a very strong warming effect, up
Effects of Climate Change
Climate change
can affect:

1. Animals
2. Plants
3. Humans
4. Environment
Effects of Climate Change
1. Animals
a. Animals come out of hibernation sooner because
of changes in climate patterns
b. Species move and migrate closer to the poles due
to the increase in global temperature
c. Interruption of reproduction of whales and
dolphins due to the rise of water levels (they
need shallow waters in order to reproduce)
d. Extinction of animals
Effects of Climate Change
2. Plants

a. Alter the structure and physiology of a plant

because of elevated amount of carbon dioxide
i. Increase leaf expansion and cell wall
extensibility leading to an increase in leaf and
root growth
b. Interrupts and changes the growing periods of
plants due to increase of carbon dioxide
i. Summer time may be longer and plants can’t
withstand prolonged hot conditions
Effects of Climate Change
3. Humans

a. More extreme weather conditions = more sickness

outbreak (eg. cough and colds)
b. Respiratory diseases because of decrease air
quality
c. Diseases transmitted by insects
i. Because insects’ life cycle changes due to
climate change
d. Malnutrition
i. Due to crop areas affected by drought
Effects of Climate Change
4. Environment

a. Rise of sea level

b. Flooding and drought
c. Forest extinction because of extreme heat
d. More acidic oceans due to increased carbon dioxide
concentration
e. Interrupts climate patterns on the north and south
poles (no more summer period)
Brief Timeline of Climate Change
2008: Global oil production peaks. Arctic sea ice hits
its second lowest summer ice extent on record.

2009: Many of the world's major rivers are found to be

losing water.

2012: The first phase of the Kyoto Protocol, an

international environmental treaty created to limit
the production of greenhouse gases, expires.
Brief Timeline of Climate Change
2020: Flash floods will very likely. Less rainfall
could reduce agriculture yields by up to 50 percent in
some parts of the world.

2030: Up to 18 percent of the world’s coral reefs will

likely be lost as a result of climate change and other
environmental stresses.

2050: As biodiversity hotspots are more threatened, a

quarter of the world’s plant and vertebrate animal
species could face extinction.
Brief Timeline of Climate Change
2070: As glaciers disappear and areas affected by drought
increase, electricity production for the world’s existing
hydropower stations will decrease.

2080: Scientists predict up to 20 percent of the world’s

populations live in river basins likely to be affected by
increased flood hazards. Up to 100 million people could
experience coastal flooding each year.

2100: A combination of global warming and other factors will

push many ecosystems to the limit, forcing them to exceed
their natural ability to adapt to climate change.
Gov’t Organizations Involved in Climate
Change
● Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
(DENR)

○ Launches environmental projects

such as the Philippine Climate
Change Adaptation Project to
promote climate resiliency of
agriculture and natural
resources management
● Department of Health

○ Partnered with World Health

Organization (WHO) to protect
human health from the effects
NGOs Involved in Climate Change
● Save Philippine Seas
○ Aims to protect the country’s threatened
marine resources
● Greenpeace Philippines
○ Aims to protect the country’s environment
and show awareness through public debates
and peaceful protests on climate justice
● Marine Wildlife Watch of the
Philippines
○ Aims to foster a better appreciation of the
marine environment
● Philippine Native Plants Conservation
Society
NGOs Involved in Climate Change
● Philippines Biodiversity
Conservation Foundation
○ Aims to protect the country’s wildlife
through various conservation programs
● Haribon Foundation
○ Aims to promote biodiversity
conservation
● Waves for Water
○ Aims to promote environment
conservation and distribution of clean
water to communities
● Earth Island Institute
○ Aims to support hyperlocal and
NGOs Involved in Climate Change
● World Wide Fund for Nature –
Philippines (WWF)
○ Aims to reverse the environment
degradation through promotion of
sustainable energy and protection
of endangered species
● The Climate Reality Project
○ Aims to power global revolution
for climate action through
urgency of climate crisis and
availability of mainstream
What We Can Do to Reduce Climate Change

• Plant more trees to help remove

carbon dioxide from the air.
• Reduce your electricity use to
prevent greenhouse gas emissions.
• Eat less meat since red meat
production also contributes to more
greenhouse gas emissions.
• Conserve water to be prepared for
any natural calamities due to
climate change.
• Drive and fly less since
transportation also contributes to
greenhouse emissions.
• Reduce, reuse, recycle for the
general good of the environment.
References
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=climate+change+according+t
o+pagasa&biw=1323&bih=735&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2np6C6
fbeAhUCH3AKHQlBAWcQ_AUICSgA

https://warmheartworldwide.org/climate-
change/?gclid=CjwKCAiAlvnfBRA1EiwAVOEgfMqCmv7djUpXbtbOl2qBuad
TEdV5aJP8nStvhFyvOcEmH0EsD7R2dxoCFmUQAvD_BwE

https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publ
ications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf
References
https://www.climateandweather.net/global-warming/climate-
change-and-animals.html

http://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id
=22627&printable=1

https://www.globalchange.gov/climate-change/impacts-society

https://unfccc.int/news/climate-change-impacts-human-health

https://www.wwf.org.uk/effectsofclimatechange
References
https://ec.europa.eu/clima/change/causes_en?fbclid=IwAR3cfJQI
clDtoj8oCr2_Q09SOSYn5bKaXEo8vuFT981fhZGhGHP15J5gfbk

https://www.livescience.com/1433-timeline-earth-precarious-
future.html