American

Presence And
Their Colonial
Rule
 The Spanish-American war which started in Cuba,
changed the history of the Philippines.
 On May 1, 1898, the Americans led by U.S. Navy
Admiral George Dewey, in participation of Emilio
Aguinaldo, attacked the Spanish Navy in Manila Bay.
 Faced with defeat, the Philippines was ceded to the
United States by Spain in 1898 after a payment of US$
20 million to Spain in accordance with the "Treaty of
Paris" ending the Spanish-American War.
 TREATY OF PARIS
• The peace commission is composed of ten persons,
five Spaniards and five Americans
 On June 12, 1898, Filipinos led by Emilio Aguinaldo
declare independence. This declaration was opposed
by the U.S. who had plans of taking over the colony.
And this led to a guerrilla war against the Americans
• The Philippine-
American War
{1898-1946}
The Philippine-American War (1898 –
1946)
• . Hostilities broke out on February 4,1899, after two
American private son patrol killed three Filipino
soldiers in San Juan, a Manila suburb.
• This incident sparked the Philippine-American War,
which would cost far more money and took far more
lives than the Spanish–American War
• Some 126,000 American soldiers would be
committed to the conflict; 4,234 Americans died,
as did 16,000 Filipino soldiers who were part of a
nationwide guerrilla movement of indeterminate
numbers.
• At least 34,000Filipinos lost their lives as a direct
result of the war, and as many as 200,000may
have died as a result of the cholera epidemic at
the war's end.
• Atrocities were committed by both sides.
• Aguinaldo dissolved the regular army in November 1899 an
ordered the establishment of decentralized guerrilla comm
in each of several military zones.
• The revolution was effectively ended with the capture (190
Aguinaldo by Gen. Frederick Funston at Palanan, Isabela on
March 23, 1901 and was brought to Manila.
• Free trade, established by an act of 1909, was
expanded in 1913.
• Influenced of the uselessness of further
resistance, he swore allegiance to the United
States and issued a proclamation calling on his
compatriots to lay down their arms, officially
bringing an end to the war.
• However, sporadic insurgent resistance continued
in various parts of the Philippines, especially in
the Muslim south, until 1913.
U.S. Colony
 U.S. Colony
• Civil government was established by the
Americans in 1901, with William Howard Taft
as the first American Governor-General of the
Philippines.
• English was declared the official language.
• Six hundred American teachers were imported
aboard the USS Thomas
• william Howard Taftwas
• born on September 15, 1857, in Cincinnati, O.
U.S. president from1909 to 1913
And chief justice of the U.S.
Supreme Court from 1921
to 1930,
 U.S. Colony

• Also, the Catholic Church was disestablished,

and a substantial amount of church land was
purchased and redistributed.
• Some measures of Filipino self-rule were
allowed, however. An elected Filipino
legislature was established in 1907.
• Consequences of the
American Colonial
Rule
• During the Spanish period the Spaniards
had given enormous land properties to the
Catholic church. One of the first things the
Americans did was to take care for the
redistribution of this land properties.
• To do so they first had to pay an amount of
US $7.2million to the Vatican in 1904.
• Consequences of the American Colonial Rule
The small farmers or tenants didn't get any
land however. The land became property of
some large landowners.
• Most of the small farmers couldn't pay the
asked price or couldn't prove that they were
the former owners of the land.
The Road Towards
Philippine
Independence
• 1. Jones Law – the law was to approved by
President Woodrow Wilson after it was
proposed by William Atkinson Jones, an
American congressman.
◦ The law stated the right of the
Filipinos to attain freedom in the near future.
• 2. Tydings-McDuffie Act – this law was
proposed by Milliard Tydings and
congressman John McDuffie of the US.
◦ It stated the 10-year
preparation for the Philippine independence
through a commonwealth government.
• In 1916, the Philippine Autonomy Act, widely
known as the Jones Law , was passed by the
U. S. Congress.
• The law which served as the new organic act
(or constitution) for the Philippines, stated in
its preamble that the ultimate independence
of the Philippines would be American policy,
subject to the establishment of a stable
government.
• The law placed executive power in the
Governor General of the Philippines,
appointed by the President of the United
States, but established a bicameral Philippine
Legislature to replace the elected Philippine
Assembly (lower house)and appointive
Philippine Commission (upper house)
previously in place.
• The Filipino House of Representatives would
be purely elected, while the new Philippine
Senate would have the majority of its member
selected by senatorial district with senators
representing non-Christian areas appointed by
the Governor-General.
• In 1934, the United States Congress, having
originally passed the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act as a
Philippine Independence Act over President
Hoover's refusal, only to have the law rejected by
the Philippine legislature, finally passed a new
Philippine Independence Act, popularly known as
the Tydings-McDuffie Act.
• The law provided for the granting of Philippine
independence by 1946.
 The
Commonwealth
Government
• The Hare-Hawes Cutting Act, passed by Congress
in 1932,provided for complete independence of
the islands in 1945after 10 years of self-
government under U.S. supervision.
• The bill had been drawn up with the aid of a
commission from the Philippines, but Manuel L.
Quezon, the leader of the leading Nationalist
party, opposed it, partially because of its threat of
American tariffs against Philippine products but
principally because of the provisions leaving naval
bases in U.S. hands.
• Under his influence, the Philippine legislature
rejected the bill.
• The Tydings-McDuffie Independence Act
(1934) closely looks like the Hare-Hawes
Cutting Act, but struck the provisions for
American bases and carried a promise of
further study to correct “imperfections or
inequalities.”
• n May 14, 1935, an election to fill the newly
created office of President of the
Commonwealth of the Philippines was won by
Manuel L. Quezon(Nacionalista Party) and a
Filipino government was formed on the basis
of principles apparently similar to the US
Constitution.
• When Quezon was inaugurated on Nov. 15,
1935, the Commonwealth was formally
established in 1935, featured a very strong
executive, a unicameral National Assembly,
and a Supreme Court composed entirely of
Filipinos for the first time since 1901.
• The new government embarked on an
ambitious agenda of establishing the basis for
national defense, greater control over the
economy, reforms in education, improvement
of transport, the colonization of the island of
Mindanao, and the promotion of local capital
and industrialization.
• The Commonwealth however, was also faced
with agrarian unrest, an uncertain diplomatic
and military situation in South East Asia, and
uncertainty about the level of United States
commitment to the future Republic of the
Philippines.
Manuel Luis Quezon

 Full name: Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina

 (born Aug. 19, 1878, Baler, Phil.
 died Aug. 1, 1944, Saranac Lake, N.Y., U.S.),
 Filipino statesman, leader of the
independence movement,
 first president of the Philippine
Commonwealth established under U.S. tutelage in 1935.
The Philippines was controlled by the
Americans from 1900-1942.
In 1934 an act was established, which made it
possible that the Philippines could have a
"Commonwealth of the Philippines".
The first president of this Commonwealth was
Manuel Quezon.
The first president was given certain power for
some internal affairs.
Changes during the
American Period
 Government
 Democracy – the greatest legacy the
Americans gave us.
3 Branches:
◦ Executive (president)
 ◦ Legislative (senate and congress)
 ◦ Judiciary (DOJ)
 Education
 Public schools were opened up.
 First teachers were called: Thomasites,
because they came on board the USS Thomas.
Medium of instruction: English.
 Schools established:
 ◦ University of the Philippines
◦ Philippine Normal College
 ◦ Other agricultural schools
 Religion
 Protestantism was introduced.
 More or less than 300,000 Filipinos became
protestant.
 There was a separation of the church and
state.
 Freedom of religion was practiced.
 Infrastructure
Transportation and Communication was
improved.
American built roads, streets, and bridges.
 The new infrastructure helped make the
movement of products and services more
efficient.
Boulevards, zone districts, and centers of leisure
were also established.
American architecture are still present today.
PNU, Manila Hotel and PGH are some examples.
 Entertainment
 Hollywood Movies became more popular.
 New kinds of music and dance were
introduced like rock n roll, boogie, jazz, tango,
chacha, polka, and rhumba.
 Filipinos learned to watch and play games like
table tennis, basketball, volleyball, boxing, and
football
 Health and Sanitation
Health and Sanitation Filipinos learned the
value of cleanliness, and healthy practices.
 They were taught proper hygiene to make
them healthy and be free from contagious
diseases.
Hospitals, clinics, and health centers were
established including public hospitals for
lepers
 Clothing
 Modes of Dressings was changed.
 Men: Suits, Polo shirts, ties, and jeans
 Women: Dresses, High-heeled shoes, and
handbags
 Food
• Food like ice cream, cakes, beef steak, hotdog,
hamburgers, sandwiches, cookies and donuts
were introduced.
 Livelihood
 Philippine Economy improved.
 Increased in Agricultural production
Development of new industries.
 Attitude
 Filipinos became more frank, and more
humorous.
We developed a stronger beliefs in rights and
freedom.
 “Pagmamano” was replaced by kissing the
cheeks of parents and elders as a sign of
respect.
 Language
The English language was widely taught all
over the country. Soon some English words
became part of our vocabulary.
 Filipinos adopted American names like
Charlie, Anna, Francis, and Cherry.
Negative Impact of the
American Colonization
 Americanization of Filipinos Colonial
Mentality
 Respectful Filipino ways of greeting were
replaced by merely saying “hi” or “hello”.
Filipinos started to prefer white-collar jobs
Traditional Filipino food like bibingka and
suman were replaced by American food like
hotdog and French fries.
 Lost our sense of “bayanihan”
 In summary, we seemed to reject our own
identity

The end.
Thank you