United Nation

STATE PHILOSOPHY AND CITIZENSHIP

GABRIEL PUTRA P. | 001201600043

Background
• Successor to The League of Nations which was founded January 10,
1920 after the end of World War I. League of Nation lasted for 26
years because the League had failed its primary purpose, which was
to prevent any future world war.
• The United Nations officially came into existence on October 24,
1945 and inherited several agencies and organizations founded by
the League
Purpose
• To maintain world peace and security.
• To develop friendly relationship among nations worldwide.
• To cooperate in solving international economic, social, cultural, and
humanitarian problems and in promoting respect for human rights
and fundamental freedom.
• To help protect the environment.
The Principle
• Based on the sovereign equality of all its member.
• All members are to fulfill their charter obligation.
• Settle international disputes by peace.
• Prohibition of using a threat or use of force against other state.
General Information
• The permanent HQ of the UN since 1952, is New York. The first meeting
of General Assembly was held here in October 1952.
• The UN emblem consist of the global map projected from the North Pole
and embraced I twin olive branches as a symbol of peace. Not to be
subordinated to any other flag in the world.
• The official languages are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and
Spanish.
• Most of it budget are based from the donations of its member.
• Membership are open to all nations which accept the obligations of its
charter. Members maybe suspended or expelled by the GA on the
recommendation of the Security Council.
Structure
Based on five principle organs: the General Assembly, the Security
Council, and the Economic and Social Council, the Secretariat, and the
International Court of Justice.
• The General Assembly is the only one in UN which all members
have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-
making and representative of the UN. Its power are to oversee UN
budgeting, appoint the non-permanent members of UNSC, make
recommendation in the form of GA Resolution. It also established
many subsidiary organs.
• The UNSC charged with maintenance of the international peace and
security. Its power include the establishment of peacekeeping
operation and international sanctions, and the authorization of
military action through its resolution. The Big Five are the
permanents member of the UNSC, and ten non-permanent
members elected every two years by General Assembly.
• The Secretariat is the UN executive arm. It has important role in
setting the agenda for the UN’s and decision bodies of the UN, and
the implementation of the decision. The Secretary General, who is
appointed by the General Assembly, is the head of the secretariat,
currently the position held by Antonio Guterres.
• The ECOSOC is responsible for coordinating the economic, social,
and related work of 15 UN specialized agencies, their functional
commissions and five regional commissions. It serves as the central
forum for discussing international economic and social issues and
creating policy recommendations addressed to member states and
the UN system.
• The International Court of Justice, commonly referred as the World
Court is the principal judicial organ of the UN. It settle legal disputes
between member states and give advisory opinions to authorized
UN organs and specialized agencies. It comprises a panel of 15
judges selected by the GA and UNSC for nine-year terms. The HQ is
in the Peace Palace located in The Hague, Netherlands.
• The UNSC charged with maintenance of the international peace and
security. Its power include the establishment of peacekeeping
operation and international sanctions, and the authorization of
military action through its resolution. The Big Five are the
permanents member of the UNSC, and ten non-permanent
members elected every two years by General Assembly.
• The Secretariat is the UN executive arm. It has important role in
setting the agenda for the UN’s and decision bodies of the UN, and
the implementation of the decision. The Secretary General, who is
appointed by the General Assembly, is the head of the secretariat,
currently the position held by Antonio Guterres.
Specialized Agencies of the UN
Legally independent international organizations with their own rules,
membership organs and financial resources which relationship with
the United Nations through negotiated term.
• Some of the most famous agencies are: ILO, FAO, UNESCO, WHO,
World Bank Group, and IMF. Some of them are created by the
League of Nations and the others are created by the United Nations
itself to meet emerging needs.
Specialized Agencies of the UN
Legally independent international organizations with their own rules,
membership organs and financial resources which relationship with
the United Nations through negotiated term.
• Some of the most famous agencies are: ILO, FAO, UNESCO, WHO,
World Bank Group, and IMF. Some of them are created by the
League of Nations and the others are created by the United Nations
itself to meet emerging needs.