Groups

MEANING OF GROUP:
 A COLLECTION OF PEOPLE WHO INTERACT
WITH ONE ANOTHER, ACCEPT RIGHTS
AND OBLIGATIONS AS A MEMBERS AND
WHO SHARE A COMMON IDENTITY.
Formal groups:

Groups created by the organization, for the purpose of

accomplishing a specific task are known as Formal Groups. The
behavior of such groups is directed toward achieving
organizational goals.
 Types of formal groups :

COMMAND GROUPS −
It is a group consisting of individuals who report directly to the manager.
Ex : An example of a command group is an academic department chairman and the
faculty members in that department.

TASK GROUPS-
A group of people working together to complete a job task. Task groups are also
commonly referred to as task forces.
Ex: Ad hoc committees are temporary groups created to resolve a specific
complaint or develop a process
Informal Groups:
These groups are formed with friendships and common interests.

Types of Informal Groups:

INTEREST GROUPS:
Members of interest groups may not be part of the same organizational
department but they are bound together by some other common interest.

FRIENDSHIP GROUPS:
Friendship groups are formed by members who enjoy similar social activities, political beliefs,
religious values, or other common bonds.
REFERENCE GROUPS:

 A reference group is a type of group that people use to evaluate

themselves. According to Cherrington, the main purposes of reference
groups are social validation and social comparison
Stages of group development:
 Stage 1 : Forming
• The group is new, so its members may
feel excited or anxious by being in a new
situation or lacking knowledge regarding
their duties. At this stage, positive and
polite behaviours dominate the relations
between members.
 Stage 2: Storming
• When people start to test the previously
established status. Members begin to
share ideas about the planned final effect
and the ways to achieve it. It's a time of
trial and error for the group since they will
establish whether they can create
common rules and move to another
phase. It may seem that the group is
falling apart, but it's actually getting
stronger;
Stage 3 :Norming
 The previous stage facilitates collaboration and
enables the group to create their own set of rules.
Members share the common idea of how they need
to work, they also start to trust each other and
appreciate their differences.
Group structure solidifies and close relationships
develops.
Stage 4:Performing
 At this stage the team reaches an optimal level of
performance and tries to figure out what they need
to do to achieve the best possible results.
Structure at this point is fully functional and
accepted.
This is the last stage for permanent work groups.
Stage 5:Adjourning
 This stage moves toward the end of the natural life of the team
and the final phase of their cooperation. Team members may once
more feel some anxiety, particularly if their future is uncertain.

 For temporary groups, this is a preparation for disbanding.

Wrapping up activities is the focus rather than high task

performance.

Some group members are upbeat, others may be depressed.