Pengaturan hormon

terhadap metamorfosis
udang, katak dan serangga

Salma Madaniyyah
Salmi Fadhilah
Rudi Rahmadi
 Metamorphosis in Insects
The transformation of an immature insect from a larva to a pupa to an adult
 Hormonal Control of Insect Metamorphosis
Temperature, Brai Prothoracicotropic
Light, Stress, n hormone (PTTH)
etc.
Prothoracic
Corpus Allatum
Gland

Juvenile Ecdysteroid
Hormone (JH)

Larva Adult
 Ecdysone: “Molting Hormone”
Steroid hormone produced by prothoracic gland (lipid soluble,
passes through cell membrane to the nucleus)
Activates early response genes (TFs) and then late response genes
(may cause differentiation,cell proliferation and migration, structural
changes, apoptosis)
E to respond to second hormone, EH
Primes insect
c Early Response: Late Response:
Transcription Transcription initiated
Ec
R

Factors by Transcription
USP
Binding Factors
Site
 Eclosion Hormone
Peptide hormone (water soluble and binds cell receptors)
Released by tracheal endocrine cells in response to EH
Binds cell receptor and results in increase in levels of cGMP, a secondary
messenger
Increases cuticle extensibility and prompts ecdysis-specific behavior
 Juvenile Hormone
Major endocrine factor controlling metamorphosis
Released from corpus allata (paired endocrine glands)
Methylated to make active form
JH can pass through plasma membrane and influence gene
expression (like a steroid hormone)
Can also act as a peptide hormone by activating second
messengers (cAMP, etc.)
Maintains larval features by repressing adult genes
 Regulation of JH Levels
Juvenile Hormone
Ecdysone
Amount of
Hormone

Larva Pupa Adult

Low = larva stage; Medium JH levels = pupa stage; No JH = adult stage

Rate of release limited by synthesis
Amounts of JH also regulated by protein degradation and
methyltransferase levels (can be protected by JH binding proteins,
degraded by JH esterase)
Frogs: Tadpole to Adult
 Pituit
ary

Metamorphosis
Thyroid

Thyroid Hormones Transcriptional

Activation
(T3 and T4)
 HIGH LOW
Number of Receptors
Amount of Hormone
in Affected Tissue

LOW HIGH

T3
Early Late Response:
Response: Transcription
R
T

Transcription initiated by
RXR
Binding
Site
× Factors Transcription