Addressing Resource Efficiency

and Climate Change

An Japanese Approach

Kentaro Tamura
Leader, Climate and Energy Area

Chika Aoki-Suzuki
Task Manager, Promotion of 3R Policy and Implementation,
Sustainable Consumption and Production Area
 Outline

1. Domestic Context

2. International Context

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 Fundamental plan for establishing sound
material cycle society
• Implementation plan of Basic Act for Establishing Sound Material
Cycle Society (2001)
• To promote the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse and Recycling)
• Waste prevention and resource circulation towards resource use and
associated environmental impact towards resource efficient society
• reviewed and revised every 5 years; current one is third plan (2013)
Structure of Japanese 3Rs’ Policies
Basic Act for establishing sound material cycle society
Fundamental plan for establishing sound material cycle society

Wastes Disposal and Public Cleansing Act Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization of
(Waste treatment, sanitation) Resources (approach to production, DfE)

Home Food Demolition Small home

Packaging Automobile
appliance waste waste appliance
recycle Recycle
recycle recycle recycle recycle
(2000) (2005)
(2001) (2001) (2002) (2013)
Green purchasing Law (2001) 3
Linking low-carbon with with nature and
resource-efficiency
Under Fundamental plan for establishing sound
material cycle society. (3Rs strategies in Japan)
One of major national programmes is “Integrated
programme to establish low-carbon society, society in
harmony with nature and resource-efficient society”
– Developing heat recovery facilities such as waste power
generation facilities to utilise residual waste that still
remains after the 3Rs efforts; so that we can further
reduce green house effect gas emission from the waste
sector.
– Promoting recycling of biomass resources to use as raw
fuels or for heat recovery such as waste generation

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 Reducing GHGs emission from waste sector
Monitoring under the 3Rs policy:
Fundamental Plan for establishing Sound Material Cycle Society

37.1 million t CO2 in 2013, 18% reduction compared to 2000

CO2 emission by waste use as raw materials/fuels and Incineration
GHGs emission from waste sector in Japan (million t CO2)

Others (N2O)
Others (CH4)
Others (CO2)
Waste as raw materials/fuels(N2O)
Waste as raw materials/fuels(CH4)
Waste as raw materials/fuels(CO2)

Incineration (N2O)
Incineration (CH4)
Incineration(CO2)

Waste water treatment (N2O)

Waste water treatment (CH4)
Landfill (CH4)

Source: Ministry of the

Environment, Japan (2016)
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 (fiscal year)
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 Increasing GHGs reduction by utilizing waste
as raw materials and fuels
Monitoring under the 3Rs Policy*
18.6 million t CO2 has reduced in 2012, 2.2 times larger than 2000
Fuel use of wood chips & waste oil (industrial waste), Electricity generation by MSW
GHGs reduction by waste utilization in Japan (million t CO2)
Industrial waste electricity generation
Blast furnace reducing agent (waste plastic (industrial waste) )
Synthetic gas utilization (waste plastic (MSW))
Raw material production for coke oven(waste plastic (MSW))
Blast furnace reducing agent(waste plastic (MSW))
Oil production(waste plastic (MSW))
Production and use of RPF
Manufacture and use of RDF
Fuel use of waste plastic (industrial waste)
Fuel usage of waste tires
Fuel use of wood chips (industrial waste)
Fuel use of waste oil (industrial waste)
Electricity generation by recovered gas at landfill site
Utilization of sewage sludge digested gas
Heat supply by residual heat of the cleaning plant
Electricity generation by MSW
Total (excluding industrial waste electricity generation)

Source: Ministry of the Environment, Japan (2016)

*Fundamental Plan for establishing Sound
2000 2005 2010 (fisca l year) Material Cycle Society
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2. International Context

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Basic Concept of Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM)

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JCM Partner Countries

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 A Waste to Energy Project under JCM
Yangon City, Myanmar
• Approximately 1,600 tonnes per day of waste, which is currently buried
in landfill
The planned waste to energy plant (to be operational in 2017)
• Capacity of 60 tonnes per day
• Generate approximately 700 kW of electrical power.

 Supplement
Myanmar’s current
inadequate supply
of electric power
 Reduce CO2
emissions by about
2,400 t-CO2/year

Image © JFE Engineering

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 Way Forward

• Contributing to the Achievement of Japan’ NDC

(nationally determined contrition)
 Reduction in solid waste amount
 Reduction in incineration of solid waste
 Promotion of waste generation
 Promotion of biomass use
• The first JCM project of waste generation in
Myanmar
 Possibility in application to other countries

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