King Fahd University of Petroleum

& Minerals
Mechanical Engineering
Dynamics ME 201
BY
Dr. Meyassar N. Al-Haddad
Lecture # 18
 Objective
• Newton First Law
• To study the conservation of linear momentum
for particles
 Principle of Linear Impulse and
Momentum
t2

mv1    Fdt  mv 2
t1

m1  F t  mg t  Nc t  Nc t  m2

Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a
system of Particles

t2

 m (v )    F dt   m (v )
i i 1 i i i 2
t1
Conservation of Linear Momentum for a system
of Particles
0

t2

 m (v )    F dt   m (v )
i i 1 i i i 2
t1

 m (v )
i i 1   mi ( vi ) 2

Conservation of linear momentum equation

 Conservation of linear momentum
equation

• Applied when particles collide or interact

• Identify the forces and determine in what
direction linear momentum is conserved
• Internal impulse will be cancelled
• “Non impulsive force” : small forces takes
place in a short period which can be ignored.
i.e. weigh of a ball
• “impulsive force” : very large force acting for a
very short period of time and produce a
significant change in momentum. i.e.
explosion, accident
Impulse & Average Force
t2

 m (v )    F dt   m (v )
i i 1 i i i 2
t1

t2
Impulse    F dt   R dt  F avg t
t1

Impulse  Favg t
 Free Body Diagram
• Considered the two objects as single system
• By inspection, establish the direction of the momentum is conserved
• Cancel the internal coupled force
• Assume the two object move with v2 in positive direction if coupled
• Apply the conservation of linear momentum

 mA ( A )1  mB ( B )1  (mA  mB )2
• To assess the average force, isolate one object and apply the coupling
force as external force. Then apply

 Fdt  F avg t  Favg (t )

• Apply the principle of impulse and momentum

m ( p )1  Favg (t )  m ( p ) 2
 Example 15-4
mA=15 Mg
mB=12 Mg
Couple together
V2=? After coupling
Favg = ? In 0.8 s

  
   mA ( A )1  mB ( B )1  (mA  mB ) 2
 
(15000)(1.5)  (12000)(0.75)  (27000) 2
2  0.5 m / s 

() m ( A )1  Favg (t )  m ( A ) 2

(15000)(1.5)  Favg (0.8)  (15000)(0.5)

Favg  18.8 kN
Example 15-5
WC =1200-Ib
Wp = 8-Ib
vp=1500ft/s
t = 0.03 s.
vc2= ?
Favg= ?


() mc (c )1  m p ( p )1  mc (c ) 2  m p ( p ) 2
1200 8
00   (c ) 2  (1500)
32.2 32.2
(c ) 2  10 ft / s 

() m ( p )1  Favg (t )  m ( p ) 2
8 Favg
0  Favg (0.03)  (1500)
32.2
Favg  12400 Ib
 Example 15-7
mp = 800 kg
mH = 300 kg
From rest
Impulse = ?
Couple together

T 1 V 1  T 2 V 2

1 1
mH ( H ) 0  WH y0  mH ( H )1  WH y1
2 2 t2

2 2 Impulse    Fy dt   R dt  Favg t
t1

1
0  (300)(9.81)(0.5)  (300)( H )1  0
2

2  m ( H )1   Rdt  m ( H ) 2
(H )1  3.13 m / s
(300)(3.13)   R dt  (300)(0.854)
( ) mH (H )1  mp ( p )1  (mH  mp ) 2
(300)(3.13)  0  (300  800) 2 Impulse =
 R dt  683 N .s
2  0.854 m / s 