PROJECTILE MOTION

PROJECTILE
A projectile is an object upon which the
only force acting is gravity. There are a
variety of examples of projectiles. An
object dropped from rest is a projectile
(provided that the influence of air resistance
is negligible). An object which is thrown
vertically upward is also a projectile
(provided that the influence of air resistance
is negligible). And an object is which
thrown upward at an angle to the horizontal
is also a projectile (provided that the
influence of air resistance is negligible). A
projectile is any object which once
projected or dropped continues in motion
by its own inertia and is influenced only by
the downward force of gravity.
 Projectile motion

•Motion in a vertical plane

where the only influence is
the constant acceleration due
to gravity.
•In projectile motion, the
horizontal motion and
vertical motion are
independent of each other,
i.e. they do not affect each
other.
 This feature allows us to break the motion into
two separate one-dimensional problems: one for
the horizontal motion; the other for the vertical
motion.
 We will assume that air resistance has no
effect.
Horizontal and Vertical Motion
 Position, velocity and acceleration are vectors.
 These vectors can be separated into components.
• Choose x for horizontal
• Choose y for vertical
 The equations for constant acceleration can be written
separately in each coordinate.

x  12 a x t 2  v x 0t  x0
y  12 a y t 2  v y 0t  y0
 12  
r  2 at  v0t  r0
 Horizontal motion
vx  v0 x  axt

ax  0 

vx  v0 cos 0

x  x0  v0 xt  axt
1
2
2

x  x0   v0 cos 0  t
 Vertical motion

y  y0  v0 yt  a yt
1
2
2
(2  15)

y  y0   v0 sin  0  t  gt
1
2
2
(4  22)

v y  v0 y  a yt (2  11)

v y  v0 sin  0  gt (4  23)
 Vector Gravity
 The gravitational acceleration is
a vector.
 The magnitude is 9.8 m/s2.
 The direction is down. x  v x 0t  x0
y   12 gt 2  v y 0t  y0
 1 2  
 If there is only constant r  2 gt  v0t  r0
gravitational acceleration in the
-y direction, the equations
simplify for x.
 Bullet being fired from a Gun
(In Projectile Motion)
 
 Bullet:- The motion of the bullet is a
combination of motion with a constant
velocity (along the x-axis) and motion
with constant acceleration (along the y-
axis).
 Projectile is a body thrown with an
initial velocity in the vertical plane and
then it moves in two dimensions under
the action of gravity alone without
being propelled by any engine or
fuel.Its motion is called projectile
motion.The path of a projectile is called
its trajectory.
 Examples :-

 A packet released from an

airplane in flight.
 A golf ball in flight.
 A bullet fired from a rifle.
 A jet of water from a hole near
the bottom of a water tank.
 Moving Target

 A target drops as a projectile is fired. To hit the

target, the projectile should be aimed
• A) Above the target.
• B) At the target.
• C) Below the target at the point they should collide.
• D) Below the target under the point they should collide.
 Horizontal Speed
 The point of collision measures the distance
x  v x 0t  x0
dropped since the ball was fired.

 The time determines the horizontal velocity

v x 0  x / t of the ball.

 The angle of the launcher gives the total

v x 0  v cos  velocity.
v  v x 0 / cos
 EXAMPLE

An object is fired from the ground at 100 meters per

second at an angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal
Calculate the horizontal and vertical components
of the initial velocity
After 2.0 seconds, how far has the object traveled
in the horizontal direction?
How high is the object at this point?
 Solution

 Part a
 s  cos 30   87 m s
vix  vi cos   100 m 0

viy  v sin   100 m  sin 30   50 m

0
i s s

 Part b x
vix 
t

x  v x t  87 m
s
 2.0s   174m
 Part c
y  viy t 
1
2
    1
 
g t 2  50 m  2.0s   9.8 m 2  2.0s 
s 2 s
2
 Throwing a Stone
( In Projectile motion)

A projectile is an object upon which only

the force of gravity is acting. For our
discussions  we assume that the
influence of air resistance can be
neglected.
For example, an object dropped from rest at
some height is a projectile as long as it
is in the air.
Generally, the projectile is an object thrown
into the air:
 vertically upward or downward,
 horizontally,
 or at any angle to the Earth surface.
 An object is controlled by two independent motions. So an
object projected horizontally will reach the ground at the
same time as an object dropped vertically. No matter how
large the horizontal velocity is, the downward pull of
gravity is always the same.
A projectile launched horizontally
has no initial vertical velocity.
Therefore, its vertical motion is like
that of a dropped object.
Horizontal (x)
x  vxt
Vertical (y)
1 2
y  y0  v 0y t  gt
2
v y  v 0y  gt
THANK
YOU