CLIMATE

Balorio, Hana Tashia

Cabanero, Aleah
Pepino, Kim
Solon, Bea Sophia
Briones, Kevin
Gimena, Kyrstan Faust
Adora, Nicko Louis
Climate
 Climate is the overall
atmospheric condition of a
place for a period of 30 years.
Weather is the condition of
the atmosphere at a specifc
place and time.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT CLIMATE

Latitude
Altitude
Distance from bodies of
water
Ocean currents
Topography
LATITUDE
 When the area is farther from the
equator, the air temperature is lower
resulting in cold climate. When the
place is closer to the equator, the
temperature is higher resulting in a
warm climate.
 As the latitude increases, the smaller
the angle the sun’s rays strike
thesurface.
ALTITUDE (height above sea level)
 The air temperature decreases as the altitude
increases.
 Places with higher elevations have cold
climates
 For every 1000m, there is a drop of 6.5 °C
 The decrease in air temperature is due to the
decrease in air pressure
 The higher the place above sea level the
colder it will be. This happens because as
altitude increases, air becomes thinner and is
less able to absorb and retain heat.
 Mt. Kilimanjaru is located in Africa and found near
the equator. It stands 5895 m above sea level. The
peak of this mountain is covered by ice because
the air temperature decreases as the altitude
increases.
DISTANCE FROM BODIES OF WATER
 The soil absorbs heat faster than water. At the
same time, the soil releases heat faster
compared to water.
 During daytime, the air above the sea is
colder than the air above the land. The warm
air flows from land to sea. Thus, the rise of
temperature on land would be moderate.
 During night time, warm air would flow from
sea to land, making the temperature on land
higher.
 Bodies of water help regulate the climate of a
certain area.
TOPOGRAPHY
 Mountain ranges affect the formation of precipitation.
 Most wind coming from the sea flow up the mountain.
because temperature falls with altitude, water vapor
eventually condenses and there and there is precipitation.
Since this is the side of the mountain facing the wind, it is
called windward side.
 Formation of the clouds in the windward side of the
mountain is caused by the condensation of water vapor.
 Since precipitation occurred on the windward side, the
wind often loses its moisture content by the time it reaches
its peak. The wind flowing down the other side, called the
leeward side, is dry. Since it barely rains on the side, the
mountain is said to form a rain shadow the leeward side.
Without rain to cool it down, this side of the mountain also
has higher temperature.
OCEAN CURRENTS
 Figure 6.1 shows different loops or gyres of surface
currents around the world. In northern hemisphere,
the current flows in clockwise direction. On the other
hand, in southern hemisphere the current flows in
counterclockwise direction. These clockwise and
counterclockwise of ocean currents are caused by
Coriolis Effect.
 Ocean currents that flow away from the equator
carries warm water. The air above the warm water
has higher temperature. When ocean currents that
bring cold water move towards a coastal region, the
temperature of that area decreases as warmer air
from the land flows to the sea resulting to a cold
climate.
 When warm ocean currents that take along warm
water go to a land mass, the temperature of that
place increases as warmer air above the water
flows inland, resulting to a warm climate.
CLIMATE CHANGE
 Climate change- a long term shifting of global
weather pattern.
 Climate change brings drastic effects to some
people and animals. Human activities may speed
up the rising of the global temperature.
 Global warming can bring about a rising of sea
level due to the melting of ice caps and glaciers.
We may experience severe weather disturbances
such as much stronger typhoons and heavier
rainfalls. Some parts of the world may experience
El Niño or La Niña. And most of all, it can cause
extinction of some fauna and flora.