Leadership

By: JONAS M. CABUSBUSAN

Leadership …

• “is the process of influencing

group activities…beyond
expectation”
Leadership …

• “Is persuading other people to

set aside…their individual
concerns and to pursue a
common goal that is
important for the welfare of
the group.”
 How can a leader be
compared to a manager?
 “a manager does the thing
right; a leader does the right
thing”
Sources of Leader Influence

oLegitimate Power
oReward Power
oCoercive Power
oExpert Power
oReferent Power
 Leader Traits

• Capacity
• Achievement
• Responsibility
• Participation
• Status
Traits of Effective
Leader
Table 5 -1 Traits and Skills Associated With Successful Leaders
Traits Skills
Adaptive to situations intelligent
Alert to social environment Conceptually skilled
Ambitious and achievement Creative
oriented
assertive Diplomatic and tactful
cooperative Fluent in speaking
decisive Knowledge about group task
dependable Organized
Dominant Persuasive
energetic
persistent
Self-confident
Tolerant of stress
Willing to assume responsibility
Leadership Behavior

Several universities conducted a

study regarding leadership
behaviors…
• University of Iowa
• Ohio State University
• University of Michigan
 Iowa Studies;

• Authoritarian Leadership
• Democratic Leadership
• Laissez-Faire Leadership
Ohio State Studies

• Initiating Structure
• Consideration
Ohio Leadership Grid
Michigan Studies

• Production Centered
• Employee Centered
Production Centered
• Very similar to initiating structure leader
behavior
• Emphasizes employee tasks and methods used
to accomplish them
• Sets tight work standards, organize tasks
carefully, prescribed work methods to be
followed, and closely supervise their
subordinates work.
Employee Centered
• very similar to high consideration leader
behavior
• Emphasizes the employees personal
needs and the development of inter
personal relationships
• Leaders who are employee centered tend
to have supportive relations with their
subordinates, use group rather than
individual decision making.
 Employee Centered
• Encourage subordinates to set and
achieve high performance goals and
endeavors to treat subordinates to treat
in a sensitive, considerate way.
Contingency
Leadership
 Fred Fiedler’s
Contingency Theory
Model
• Effectiveness of a leader in
achieving high group
performance is contingent to
leaders motivational system
and the degree which leader
controls and influences the
situation
 Components of Fred
Fiedler’s Theory

• Leadership Style
• Situational Favorableness
• Contingency Model
Leadership Style
• Fiedler developed a unique
technique to measure
leadership style and presented
it in the Least preferred co-
worker Scale (LPC)
Sample LPC Scale
Situational
Favorableness
• Fiedler identified three factors
that affects the relationship
between leadership style and
effectiveness;
• Leader-member relations
• Task structure
• Position power
Contingency Model