DEFINITION OF TEXT

GROUP 1 :
1. ANDHIKA ARI YUDHATAMA AAA 116 060
2. AHMAD RIZALI AAA 116 057
3. ADERIO FERNANDO AAA 116 084
4. DWI KURNIAWAN SUTRISNO AAA 116 061
5. OKTRA WIRDAYANTO AAA 116 064
6. PRIYO HANDOKO AAA 116 062
 Qeworqoiutiqv oiqn
uiuw9v590q38c9r0eroinbtp
u09c9we mf9en 8 b3bq4i
09

Is this a text?
IzDIs@tekstO:nQt

Is this a text?
 The Word “Text” : Derives from the Latin
“texere – to weave”

“Text can be used for both written and

spoken language. It usually refers to a
stretch, an extract or complete piece of
writing or speech. Texts generally adhere to
broad conventions and rules which
determine the language and structure used
in particular text types.”
Cornbleet and Carter
The Language of Speech and Writing
(2001, p 3)
 Texts in general are:
 Self-contained
 Well-formed
 Hang together (cohesive)
 Make sense (coherent)
 Have a clear communicative purpose
 Are recognisable text types
 Are appropriate to their contexts of use
Scott Thornbury, Beyond the Sentence, p 19, Macmillan,
2005.
 Text and sentences

 Are all texts organised in sentences?

 Are sentences necessary for a stretch of
language to be considered a text?
 What kinds of text are organised in
sentences?
 Purpose
 Persuade
 Instruct or advise
 Entertain
 Inform
 Threaten
 Request or invite
 Social function
 Promise
 Mixed
 Spoken vs Written
Spoken texts often jointly constructed
(only happens in published letters between
correspondents)
Written texts more planned, structured, grammatically
correct, clear layout.
Two or more people can shape spoken texts.
Written texts shaped only by author(s) – though editors
can have a say. (cfr newspaper)
 Conclusions?
Just a simple reminder of where we started – with
identifying what a text is. And to go back even further,
we might mention that the very word text derives from
the Latin texere, which means ‘to weave’. Indeed texts
have to take into account a whole variety of things if they
are to achieve a purpose. If the text is to be at all
beautiful we need a degree of linguistic competence.
However, if the text is to be considered ‘successful’ it
should not only be well woven, but also serve its
purpose. This relationship between form and function,
text and context, is the main focus of discourse analysis.