Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

1. describe the effects of disasters on one’s life
2. identify areas/locations exposed to hazards
that may lead to disasters.
 The Basic Definition of
Hazard and Disaster
HAZARD- A dangerous phenomenon, substance,
human activity or condition that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss
of livelihoods and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental damage.
 The Basic Definition of
Hazard and Disaster
DISASTER- A serious disruption of the functioning of
a community or a society involving widespread
human, material, economic, or environmental losses
and impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own resources.
IDENTIFYING
CLASSROOM
HAZARDS that
can LEAD to
DISASTERS

#DisasterReadinessandRiskReducti
onManagement#DRRM#savelife
Activity:
1. Get out a piece of paper

2. List 10 hazards in the classroom. The

answers should be specific locations in the
classroom. (e.g. The shelf at the corner near the
door can fall to someone.)
CLASSROOM MAP
1. Operatives not wearing safety
helmets
2. No edge protection to roof nothing
to stop materials falling off
3. Roof ladder not long enough
4. Access ladder tied to gutter
5. Ladder leaning on gutter
6. Access ladder too short
7. Manual handling
8. Unprotected skylight
9. Operative kneeling on fragile roof
materials
10. Operative not wearing sensible
clothing
11. Loose tools in bag liable to fall out
onto persons below
12. Carrying tools up ladder. Only one
hand available to steady
operative on the ladder
13. No safe access onto roof
Criteria
DISASTER READINESS
AND RISK REDUCTION
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. identify the possible different effects from a major
earthquake;
2. relate the different effects with associated
earthquake hazards;
3. identify and explain the different earthquake-related
hazards that can effect my home and community.
Potential
EARTHQUAKE
HAZARDS and
their EFFECTS
What comes in your mind when
you hear the word
“EARTHQUAKE”?
What is EARTHQUAKE?
An earthquake is a feeble shaking to violent trembling of the ground
produced by the sudden displacement of rocks or rock materials
below the earth’s surface.

TWO TYPES OF EARTHQUAKES:

1. Tectonic Earthquakes – generated by the sudden displacement
along faults in the solid and rigid layer of the earth.
2. Volcanic Earthquakes - is an earthquake induced by rising lava
or magma beneath active volcanoes.
What is FAULT?
A fault refers to fracture, fissure or a zone of weakness where
movement or displacement has occurred or may occur again; a
fault is said to be “active fault” if it has historical and
contemporary seismicity, has evidence of fault slip based on
displaced rocks or soil units of known age and displaced
landforms; an “active fault” which has moved within the last
10,000 years.
Sharing of Stories
Name the EARTHQUAKE events that
you were able to research on

Why are these earthquake events

remembered?
PHOTO
PHOTO
PHOTO
Common
EARTHQUAKE
- RELATED
Hazards
The following are the MOST COMMON
EARTHQUAKE-RELATED HAZARDS:

Ground rupture
Ground shaking
Liquefaction
Tsunami
Earthquake-induced landslides
GROUND SHAKING
Ground shaking - disruptive up-down and sideways
movement or motion experienced during an earthquake.

A. Strong ground shaking can cause objects to fall, break

windows among others.
GROUND SHAKING
B. Strong ground shaking can also result to minor damages to
buildings and worse, cause collapse of a structure. (e.g. collapse of
Hyatt Hotel, Baguio City after the 16 July 1990 Luzon Earthquake).

C. Most part of the Philippines will experience shaking at different

degrees depending on magnitude of earthquake, distance of one’s
location from the fault that moved, local below surface conditions,
etc)
GROUND RUPTURE
Ground rupture - displacement on the ground due to
movement of fault .

A. This will be experienced by areas where fault passes

through.
B. The movement may have vertical and horizontal
component and may be as small as less than 0.5 meters
(Masbate 1994 earthquake) to as big as 6 meters (16 July
1990 Earthquake).
TSUNAMI
Tsunami- sea waves resulting from the disturbance of ocean floor
by an earthquake.

A. This is a series of giant sea waves commonly generated by

under-the-sea earthquakes and whose heights could be greater
than 5 meters.
B. Examples of recent tsunami events in the Philippines are the
August 1976 Moro Gulf Earthquake and Tsunami and the
November 1994 Oriental Mindoro Earthquake.
 LIQUEFACTION
Liquefaction - is a process that transforms the behavior of a body
of sediments from that of a solid to that of a liquid when subjected
to extremely intense shaking.

A. As a result, any heavy load on top of the sediment body will

either sink or tilt as the sediment could no longer hold the load,
such as what happened in Dagupan City during the 16 July 1990
earthquake.
EARTHQUAKE – INDUCED
Landslide
Earthquake-induced landslide - failures in steep or hilly slopes
triggered by an earthquake.

A. Loose thin soil covering on the slopes of steep mountains are

prone to mass movement, especially when shaken during an
earthquake.
B. Many landslides occur as a result of strong ground shaking such
as those observed on the mountainsides along the National
Highway in Nueva Ecija and the road leading up to Baguio City
during the 16 July 1990 earthquake.