Levels of Organization

 The basic unit of that makes up matter.

 Made of nucleus, protons, neutrons and
electrons.
Molecule/Compound
 A combination of two or more atoms
chemically combined in definite ratio.
Organelle
 Discrete structure within a cell with
specialized function, distinctive
composition, and molecular structure.
The first three entities are considered
nonliving:
 Atom
 Molecule/Compound
 Organelle
Cell
 The first living entity from the levels of
organization
 Fundamental unit of structure and function
of all living organisms
 The smallest unit of life that can live on its
own (except virus)
 Human body: consists of 10 trillion cells
Tissue
 Made up of similar cells from the same
origin that carry out a specific function
 E.g. muscle tissue, epithelial tissue,
connective tissue
 Histology – the study involving tissues
Animal Tissues
Connective Tissue
 Fibrous tissues composed of
cells separated by nonliving
material called extracellular
matrix
 Gives shape and hold organs in
place
Epithelial Tissue
 Formed by cells used to cover
and protect the surfaces of the
organs
 Involved in secretion and
absorption
 Used for protecting organisms
from microorganisms, injury
and fluid loss
Muscle Tissue
 Formed from muscle cells
 Function: to produce force and motion
 Classified as:
 Visceral/smooth
 Skeletal
 cardiac
Nervous Tissue
 Transmit messages in the
form of impulses
 Neural tissues comprise the
peripheral and central
nervous system.
Plant Tissues
Epidermis
 Cells forming the outer surface of the
leaves and body of the young plant.

Vascular Tissue
 Primary component of the xylem and
phloem
Ground Tissue
 Manufacture nutrients by photosynthesis
 Store reserve nutrients
Organs
 Composed of a collection of tissues which
together forms a unit that perform a
specific function

System
 Composed of different types of organs that
perform a specific function
 Cannot exist by itself and is dependent on
other systems
Organism
 Any living thing capable of responding to
a stimuli, reproduction, growth and
development, and maintenance of
homeostasis for its stability
Population
 The sum total of all the organisms that
belong to the same group or species and
live in the same geographical areas.
Community
 A group of interacting living organisms of
different species sharing a populated
environment or several populations helping
each other.
Ecosystem
 Includes all of the living things (plants,
animals and organisms) in a given area,
interacting with each other, and also with
their non-living environments.
Biome
 A set of ecosystems sharing similar
characteristics with their abiotic factors
adapted to their environments..
Biosphere
 The sum of all the ecosystems established
on Earth.
 Made up of the parts of the Earth where
life exists.
 The layer of the Earth where life exists