Professional Documents
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EDITION
CHAPTER 3
Values,
attitudes and emotions
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Learning Outcomes
Learning Outcomes
Describe three key work-related attitudes – organisational
commitment, job involvement and job satisfaction
Distinguish between positive and negative emotions, and explain
how they can be judged
Define what emotional intelligence is and which components it
implies
Focus on emotional contagion in the workplace
Describe what flow is and how it influences organisational
behaviour.
Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Chapter 3- 4
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Opening Case
• Venture capitalist John Moulton:
o His 3 strongest character traits: determination, curiosity and insensitivity
Values
• What are values?
o Standards or criteria for choosing goals and guiding actions
o Relatively enduring and stable over time
o Develop through the influence of personality, society and
culture
• Value Systems
• Instrument values vs. Terminal Values
Instrumental Instrumental
MORAL values MORAL values
BROADMINDED Open-minded HONEST Sincere, truthful
AMBITIOUS Hard-working, aspiring COURAGEOUS Standing up for your beliefs
CHEERFUL Light-hearted, joyful LOVING Affectionate, tender
CAPABLE Competent, effective HELPFUL Working for others’ welfare
FORGIVING Willing to pardon others RESPONSIBLE Dependable, reliable
HONEST Sincere, truthful OBEDIENT Dutiful, respectful
Source: Based on Table 2.1 in M. Rokeach, The Nature of Human Values (New York: The Free Press, 1973), p. 28.
• Schwartz
o 10 value types grouped
according to the overall
focus of the impact they
have on people’s lives
o Four overall directions
Work Values
• What are work values?
o Expressions of basic values in the work setting
1. Intrinsic values express openness-to-change values
2. Extrinsic values refer to conservation
3. Social or interpersonal work values express self-transcendence
values
4. The prestige or power values – a type added to the work values
research by Schwartz – imply values related to the self-
enhancement values
Attitudes
• Attitudes:
o Beliefs and feelings people have about specific ideas, situations and people,
which influence their behaviour
Attitudes
• Cognitive component
o Refers to the beliefs, opinions, cognitions or knowledge someone has about
a certain object, situation or person.
• Affective component
o Refers to the feelings, moods and emotions a person has about something or
someone.
• Behavioural component
o Refers to how a person intends or expects to act towards something or
someone.
Stability of attitudes
Source: Developed from Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I. (1980) Predicting and Changing Behavior: The Reasoned Action Approach. New York, 2010: Psychology Press.
Application of attitudes
• Evidence and Aplication:
o Relationships are dynamic, with beliefs, attitudes, subjective
norms, perceived control and behavioural intentions.
o Can be influenced indirectly through education and training.
Emotions
• Key terms:
o Emotions
o Moods
o Affect
o Felt emotions
o Displayed emotions
Emotions
Figure 3.3
Positive and Negative
Emotions
Positive affectivity
vs.
Negative affectivity
Emotional Intelligence
Definition:
EI is the ability to manage your
own emotions and those of
others in mature and
constructive ways
Controversy:
EI may involve too many
constructs, rendering it
‘preposterously all-
encompassing’
Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Chapter 3- 23
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Emotional Intelligence
Table 3.2
Developing Personal and Social Competence through Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence
Table 3.2
Developing Personal and Social Competence through Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Influencing
• Emotional contagion • Emotional labour
o An emotional influencing o The effort, planning and control that
process, by which people is needed to express
catch the feelings of others organisationally desired emotions
during interpersonal interactions
• Applied through EI:
1. Influencing • Examples:
2. Communication • Smile at customers
3. Conflict management • Greet customers
4. Leadership • Small-talk with customers
5. Change management
Emotional Influencing
• Emotional dissonance
o The conflict between felt (true) and displayed (required) emotions
Application of flow
Csikszentmihalyi five Cs
1. Clarity 4. Commitment
2. Centre 5. Challenge
3. Choice