ZOONOTIC DISEASES

ZOONOTIC DISEASES
 Any disease or infection that is naturally
transmissible from vertebrate animals to
humans and vice-versa is classified as a
zoonosis
 Can be caused by:
 bacteria
 parasites
 viruses
 fungi
ZOONOTIC DISEASES

 Rabies

 Anthrax
RABIES
RABIES
 Lyssavirus
 Rabies virus

 Mode of transmission:
 Bites of rabid animals
 Scratch
 Man to man is possible
RABIES
 2 kinds:
 Urban / canine rabies – dogs
 Sylvatic rabies – wild animals & bats

 Prevalence
 Varies by location depending on animal-control
effectiveness and immunization programs
 300-600 Filipinos die annually
 Philippines have 1 of the highest prevalence
rate worldwide
RABIES
 Incubation period:
 Can be as long as year or several years
depending on:
 Severity of the wound
 Site of the wound
 Amount of virus introduced
 Protection provided by clothing
RABIES history
 Incubation period

 Asymptomatic
 Average of 20-90 days
 Less than 50 days if:
 the patient s bitten on the head or neck
 Heavy inoculum is transferred through multiple
bites, deep wounds, or large wounds
RABIES history
 Prodromal Period
 Virus enters the CNS

 Lasts for 2-10 days

 Paresthesia, pain, or intense itching at the

inoculation site in 50% of the cases

 Symptoms:
 Malaise, anorexia, HA, fever, chills ,pharyngitis,
nausea, emesis, diarrhea, anxiety, agitation,
insomnia, depression
RABIES history
 Acute neurologic period
 Lasts for 2-7 days

 Symptoms:
 Muscle fasciculation
 Priapism
 Focal or generalized convulsions

 Px may die immediately or may progress to

paralysis
RABIES history
 Acute neurologic period
 Furious rabies may develop
 Px may develop:
 Agitation
 Hyperactvity
 Restlessness
 Thrashing
 Biting
 Confusion or hallucinations
 May last for less than 5 minutes
 Maybe triggered by visual or auditory stimuli
RABIES history
 Coma

 Begins within 10 days of onset, and the

duration varies.

 Respiratory depression, arrest, and death

can occur shortly after without intensive
supportive care.
RABIES history
 Neurologic period
 With furious rabies, px present with:
 Episodic delirium, psychosis, restlessness, thrashing,
muscular fasciculation, seizures, and aphasia.
 Hydrophobia and aerophobia occur in 50% of
patients

 With paralytic rabies:

 Fever and nuchal rigidity may occur
 Gradually progresses to delirium, stupor, and then
coma
RABIES history
 Coma
 Respiratory failure
 Occur within 1 week of neurologic symptoms

 Life may be extended for 3 or 4 months

with extensive care.

 Death is usually the outcome

RABIES
 Preexposure, active prophylaxis, or
immunization
 Prevention (after bite)
 Wash wound with soap and water /
antiseptics
 Give antibiotics / anti tetanus immunization
 Consult veterinarian to observe pet for 14
days for signs of rabies
Rabies
 National Rabies Prevention and
Control Program
 Vision:   To Declare Philippines Rabies-Free
by year 2020 
 Goal:  To eliminate human rabies by the
year 2020
 Program Strategies:
 1. Provision of Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) to all
Animal Bite Treatment Centers (ABTCs)
 2. Provision of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) to
high risk individuals and school children in high
incidence zones
 3.  Health Education
  4.  Advocacy
 5. Training/Capability Building
 6. Establishment of ABTCs by Inter-Local Health Zone
      
ANTHRAX
ANTHRAX
 Other names:

 Malignant pustule
 Malignant edemia
 Woolsorter’s disease
ANTHRAX
 Causative agent:
 Bacillus anthracis
 Mode of transmission:
 Cutaneous infection is by contact with
tissues of animals dying of the disease
 Biting flies
 Contaminated hair, wool or hide or products
made of such
ANTHRAX
 Signs and symptoms:
 3 clinical forms

 Cutaneous
 Pulmonary
 Gastrointestinal
ANTHRAX
 Signs and symptoms:
 3 clinical forms
 Cutaneous
 Most common
 Exposed skin begins to itch
 Appearance of papules vesicles black
eschars
 If left untreated, it may lead to septicemia / death
ANTHRAX
 Signs and symptoms:
 3 clinical forms
 Pulmonary
 Inhalation of B. anthracis spores
 Symptoms resemble common URTI (mild cases)
 (acute case) 3-5 days after exposure fever
shock / death
ANTHRAX
 Signs and symptoms:
 3 clinical forms
 Gastrointestinal
 Ingestion of meat from infected animals
 Signs and symptoms: gastroenteritis, vomiting,
bloody stools
ANTHRAX
 Methods of Control:
 Immunize high risk persons
 Educate employees in handling potentially
contaminated articles
 Control of dust and proper ventilation
 Do not sell hides of animals exposed to
anthrax
ANTHRAX
 Management
 Cutaneous
 Oral doxycycline
 Alternative: quinolone (7-14 days)

 Inhalational
 Penicillin
 Gastrointestinal
 Doxycycline/clindamycin