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Examples:
7 MPa elastic modulus for an elastomer
4 GPa for stiff polymer
48 GPa - 410 GPa range for metals.
Fig.6.2. The
amorphous and
crystalline regions
in polymer chains
Prof.Dr. Bilgehan Ögel
Mechanical Properties of Polymers
Molecular Weight
Mn is average molecular weight and A is constant
UTS
∞ is the UTS of the polymer at infinity molecular weight
UTS of a given polymer is:
UTS = UTS
∞ – (A/Mn)
Therefore UTS of a polymer increases when Mn increases
Degree of Crystallinity
As %Crystallinity increases, UTS increases.
This is due to that in amorphous regions, atomic bonding is weaker
Fig.6.6. The change in mechanical properties of polymers with %crystallinity and molecular weight
Prof.Dr. Bilgehan Ögel
Mechanical Properties of Polymers
Pre-deformation by Drawing
Similar to metals, when polymers are permanently deformed, their
strength increase >> called drawing.
Drawing increases the strength 2x to 5x. (Eg. Fishing strings)
Thermoplastic Polymers
Thermoplastic polymers turns to a liquid when heated and freezes to
a glassy state when cooled: The process is reversible
Most thermoplastics are high-molecular-weight polymers those
chains associate through weak Van der Waals forces.
Thermoset Polymers
Thermoset, is polymer material that irreversibly cures. The cure
may be done through heat (generally above 200 °C), through a
chemical reaction or irradiation.
Vulcanized rubber, Bakalite, Polyester ar examples of thermoset
polymers. After vulcanization, rubber becomes more durable.
Elastomers
Case Study
Case Study
Polyethylene molecule can be synthesized
in different forms.
It can be in linear chain form or
It can be branched.
The branching of a PE chain can be
minimized by using appopriate catalysts
(E.g. Ziegler-Natta catalysts )
Case Study
In linear chain, the molecules are closer to each other and the
intermolecular forces are much higher.
Case Study
HDPE
Case Study
HDPE Applications: Dizayn grup
Plastic Bottles
Food containers
Chemical resistant Piping
Fuel tanks for vehicles
envisionplastics.files.wordpress.co
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Case Study
Case Study
LDPE
Case Study
LDPE Applications:
Case Study
Case Study
UHMWPE
Case Study
Armours
Climbing equipments
High performance sails
Paragliding
Piping
Fishing lines etc.
Prof.Dr. Bilgehan Ögel 30
Mechanical Properties of Polymers
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