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` Whirlers n humpers (Lekung dan gembung)

` Stretched-Faced (Permukaan cekang)
` New mould Loss (Kegagalan acuan baru)
` Centre pip fault (Kecacatan punat tengah)
` Faults in Ram Press
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` Visible when flatwares is bisquit fired
` Actual problem : during forming and drying

` Removal of water during drying result in

shrinkage.
form forces that deform shape
If rim of plate is dried earlier non-isotropic
shrinkage radial forces inwards, cracks
 Radial
forces
acting
inwards
` Result in the central of plate curve
downwards or upwards
` Any assymetrical on non-homogeneity of
body will worsen humpers or whirlers
î
 

` Produce suitable mould with calculated

curvature surface (known as spring)
` Avoid differences in moisture distribution and
preferential alignment of clays
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` Appears as fine cracks
` Result of shear force (daya ricihan) larger
than plasticity of body
îtretched faced
ÿ 




  
` £ncrease plasticity of body

` £ncrease water content

` Mold with suitable permeability

` Movement of face of body can be determine
to ascertain suitabillity of moulds
(permeability)

A cross-mark printed on piece of plastic body

` hen formed by roller-head, the final shape
of cross-mark can indicate movement
occuring
` Extreme movement :
stretched-faced fault
` Minimum movement:
avoid stretched-faced
` {imited movement achieved by having
vacuum in high air permeability.

` Factors Controlling movement of face :-

1. Vacuum applied
2. Air permeaility of mould
3. {ower thickness at center of mold
` Mhere is critical permeability limit in mould
(bone china ± requires highest
permeability)

` îize of products ± larger size, higher

stretched-faced faults
 Factors influencing air permeability of mould :

1. Ratio of p.o.p / water

2. Mime and rate of blending

- very critical
Õ Rate of water absorption - influence
stretched-faced fault.
Õ Rapid reduction of plastic piece in
contact with surface of mould can reduce
plasticity
Õ Overcome by a thin layer of wax to
reduce rate of water absorption
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` Whirlers n humpers (Lekung dan gembung)

` Stretched-Faced (Permukaan cekang)
` New mould Loss (Kegagalan acuan baru)
` Centre pip fault (Kecacatan punat tengah)
` Faults in Ram Press
 Jew Mould Loss
(Kegagalan akibat acuan baru)
` Jew mould defects such as air entrapment, cracks
and chipping during drying
` Due to thin layer of mineral salts on mould surface

` During drying , surface of green body in contact

with mould dried slowly
Õ ± result in differential shrinkage
Õ - crack forms (anisotropic shrinkage)
` îticking (Pelekatan) of green body on new mould)
result in defects

` After several pieces on new products ± layer of salt

disappear

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drying of new mould from outside surface
inside-out drying
 entre-pip fault
(Kecacatan punat tengah)
` Due to clay particle¶s preferential alignment

Plastic piece from {ower shrinkage in

center part
pug mill
Result in bump ± centre
pip
` îmall Bump in center of plate or bowl
` Differential firing shrinkage show effect of clay
particle orientation
 Fired Shrinkage (%)
3
 


    

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