STONE MASONRY

Stone masonry:-Art of building structures

using stones.
 Materials :- stones and mortar
• Mortar act as bonding material
Cement mortar or
 lime mortar
 Qualities of good building stone
• Possess good appearance.

• Percentage crystallization should be less than 2%

• Possess good fire resistance property.

• Not contain any soluble matter.

• Durable

• Preserve there color uniformly for a longtime

• Water absorption should be less than 0.6

• Crushing strength should be greater than 1000kg/cm3

Qualities of good building stone…
 It should have fine compact crystalline structure free from cavity
and cracks or loose materials.

 Specific gravity should be greater than 2.7

 Toughness index should be greater than 19

 Hardness should be greater than 17.

Classification of stone masonry

Ashlar Rubble
masonry masonry
Ashlar masonry

Stones of rectangular or square shapes.

Height of stone varies from 25cm to 30cm.

Costly than rubble masonry.

Rubble masonry
• Stones of irregular shapes and sizes

• Strength of masonry depends upon

 Proper filling of gaps between stones,
 Quality of mortar
 Number of through stones

• Cheaper than ashlar masonry.

Different Types of Rubble Masonry

 Random rubble masonry

 Coursed rubble masonry

 Dry rubble masonry

 Polygonal rubble masonry

 Flint rubble masonry

 RANDOM RUBBLE MASONRY

• Stones of irregular shape are used

• They are arranged so as to give a good appearance.
• Thickness of mortar joint should be less than 12mm
• Face stones are chisel dressed
• Used for residential building, compound walls,
garages.

• Classified as:
 Coursed random rubble
 Uncoursed random rubble
 Coursed random rubble masonry

• Stones are laid

to maintain level
courses.

• Headers of full
course height and
hammer dressed
stones are placed at
certain intervals
Uncoursed random rubble
 It is built without dressing the stones

 Stones are of different shape.

 Larger stones are used at corners to

increase the strength.

 Through stone is used for every

square metre of face work.

 Gives rough appearance

Through Stone
Coursed rubble masonry
 Stones in each course not be same
height
 All course should be of same height.
 Minimum height is limited to 15cm
 Depending upon the dressing and
finishing of stones
First class masonry
Second class masonry
Third class masonry
Dry rubble masonry
 No mortar is used in the joints
 Hollow space between the stones
tightly packed with chips of stones.
 Through stones are placed at interval
of 2m to strengthen the masonry
 Used for : retaining wall, canal slopes
Polygonal rubble masonry
 Stones are roughly dressed as irregular
polygon
 Face joints are running in irregular
fashion
 More skill labor is required
 Used for construction of abutments,
retaining wall etc.
Flint rubble masonry
 Stones used are flint.
 Flints - hard and irregular
shaped nodules of silica,
 width varies from 8 to 15cm
 Thickness varies from 15 to
30cm
 Built with facing of cut flint
 Backing of undressed flint