Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and flame
Introduction - combustion
Combustion or burning is the
sequence of exothermic chemical
reactions between a fuel and
an oxidant accompanied by the
production of heat and
conversion of chemical species.
The release of heat can result in
the production of light in the
form of either glowing or
a flame.
FLAME
A flame is the visible (light-
emitting), gaseous part of a fire.
It is caused by a
highly exothermic reaction
taking place in a thin zone. If a
fire is hot enough to ionize the
gaseous components, it can
become a plasma.
Types
Smoldering
Rapid
Turbulent
Microgravity
Smoldering combustion
Smoldering is the slow, low-
temperature, flameless form of
combustion, sustained by the
heat evolved when oxygen
directly attacks the surface of
a condensed-phase fuel. Solid
materials that can sustain a
smoldering reaction include
coal, cellulose, wood.
Rapid combustion
Rapid combustion is a form of
combustion, otherwise known
as a fire, in which large
amounts of heat
and light energy are released,
which often results in a flame.
This is used in a form of
machinery such as internal
combustion engines .
Turbulent combustion
Combustion resulting in a turbulent flame is
the most used for industrial application (e.g.
gas turbines, gasoline engines, etc.) because
the turbulence helps the mixing process
between the fuel and oxidizer.
COMBUSTIBLE
SUBSTANCES
MATCHSTICK
PAPER
NON-COMBUSTIBLE
SUBSTANCES
SAND STONES
During extreme heat
of summer, at some
places dry grasses
catch fire. From
grasses, it spreads to
trees, and very soon
the whole forest is on
fire .It is
very difficult to
control such fires.
IGNITION TEMPERATURE
WHITE
PHOSPOROUS
Calorific
Values of
Different Fuels
Burning of Fuels Leads to Harmful
Products